\XXTT. KrTAC"E.T:. 179 



opposite, angled ; bracts minute, caducous; peduncles very long, some- 

 times prickly. Calyx-lobes minute, triangular. Petals 4, elliptic, -^ in. 

 long, yellow, valvate. Eipe carpels i in, in cliam., spherical, rugose. 

 Seeds globose, bluish-black, smooth, shining. Fl. B. 1, v. 1, p. 495 ; 

 Grah. Cat. p. 36 ; Dalz. & Gibs. p. 45 ; Bedd. For. Man. in Flor. 

 Sylvat. p. xli, et Anal. Gon. t. 6 ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. p. 30 ; Woodr. in 

 Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 (1897) p. 267 ; Watt, Diet. Ecou. Prod. v. 6, 

 part 4, p. 325. — Flowers : July-Oct. Veen^. Tisal ; Cliirphal ; Koldi. 



Kokkan: \\T\gov\a, DahcIV.; Waral (Eatnagiri districts), JVooclrow; Banda in the 

 Wari country, Dakcll. Deccan ; Ivhandala, Graham; Khnndesh, Graham; Par 

 village, Graham. S. M. Country: Parva Ghat (Belgauna districts), Bitchie, 1187! 

 Kanaka; Ivarwar, Talhot ; tbronghoiit N. Kanara in moist, evergreen forests, Talbot. 



The unripe carpels are gratefully aromatic and have the flavor of orauge peel. 

 The seeds taste exactly like black pepper. Both are employed in Southern India as 

 condiments. The essential oil obtained from the fruit is used medicinally. See Watt, 

 Diet. Econ. Prod. 1. e. 



4. TODDALIA, Juss. 



Subscandent or sarmentose shrubs, usually prickly. Leaves alternate, 

 1-3-foholate ; leaflets sessile. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal 

 cymes or panicles, unisexual. Calyx short, 2-5-toothed-lobed or -partite. 

 Petals 2-5, imbricate or vahate. Disk inconspicuous or slightly elongate. 

 Male flowees : Stamens 2-4-5 (or 8, the alternate ones opposite the 

 petals, short and imperfect), inserted at the base of the disk ; filaments 

 subulate or filiform. Ovary rudimentary, simple or 4-partite. Female 

 TLOWEES : Ovary ovoid, oblong or globose, sessile or inserted on a short 

 torus, 2-7- (very rarely 1-) celled; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed or 

 collateral ; style short or ; stigma capitate. Fruit pisiform, sub- 

 globose or lobed, coriaceous or fleshy, punctate, 2-7-celled ; cells 1- 

 (rarely 2-) seeded. Seeds angled, reniform ; testa coriaceous ; coty- 

 ledons oblong or linear. — Distkib. Tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa 

 and Australia ; species about 8. 



Prickly shrub ; fruit 3-7-celled ; petals 5 1. T. aculeate. 



Unarmed tree; fruit 2-celled ; petals 2-3 2. T. hilocularis. 



1. Toddalia aculeata, Pers. Syn. v. 1 (1805) p. 249. A large 

 sarmentose shrub, usually armed with sharp curved or straight prickles 

 (sometimes unarmed). Leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets coriaceous, sessile, 

 11-3^ by |-lg in., lanceolate-oblong or obovate, usually with a long 

 blunt acumen, notched at the apex, crenulate or subeiitire, glabrous, 

 many- nerved, the midrib often prickly, base acute. Flowex's white, 4—^ 

 in. across, in axillary cymes. Calyx small, glandular ; lobes triangular. 

 Petals 5, oblong, thickened at the apex, imbricate. Male flowers : 

 Petals shorter than the stamens ; buds globose. Ovary (rudimentary) 

 cylindric-oblong, grooved, seated on a lobed disk. Female flowers : 

 Petals longer than in the male ; buds oblong. Stigma sessile, 5-7- 

 lobed. Fruit globose, size of a large pea, 3-5-groovecl, orange-colored, 

 pitted on the rind, 3-7-celled. Seed solitary in each cell, smooth, 

 reniform, rounded on the back. Fl. B. I. v. 1, p. 497 ; Grab. Cat. 

 p. 37 (TodcMifi); Dalz. & Gibs. p. 46; Trim. Fl. Ceyi. v. 1, p. 215; 

 Engler, in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. v. 3, part 4, p. 176, fig. 101, 

 a-k ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. p. 31 ; AVoodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat, v. 11 

 (1897) p. 267 ; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 6, part 4, p. 07. Limonia 

 olir/andra, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. v. 2 (1850) p. 258 ; Dalz. & Gibs. 

 p. 28. — Flowers : Sept.-Dec. Veen. Jancjli-lcdli-mirclii. 



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