242 XLI. RIIAMN-ACE^E. 



DC. Prodr. V. 2 (1S25) p. 21 (in syn.) ; W. & A. Prodr. (1834) p. 162 ; 

 n. B. I. V. 1, p. 633 : Grab. Cat. p. 247 ; Dalz. & Gibs. p. 49 ; Talb. 

 Trees, Bomb. p. 52 ; WooJr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 (1897) p. 271 ; 

 Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 6, part 4, p. 370.— Flowers : Ott.-Dec. 

 Vern. Jangra ; Oangr. 



Very common in Gujarat, where it is often very troublesome to sportsmen from its 

 hooked thorns. Gujarat : Broacii, Woodrow ! Porhandar (Katliiawar), Cooke ! 

 S. M. Country: Belgaum, Ritchie, 211! — Distrib. India (Punjab, W. Peninsula); 

 Persia. 



The fruit has a pleasant acid flayer and is eaten during times of scarcity. See 

 Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. 1. c. 



4. Zizyphus CSnoplia, Mill. Oard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) n. 3. A 

 straggling shrub often semi-scandent by its prickles ; young branches 

 rusty-toinentose. Leaves numerous, distichous, 1-2| by |-1 in., ovate 

 or ovate-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, with pubescent or tomeiitose 

 tips, minutely denticulate, glabrous or pubescent above, densely silky 

 with appressed rufous hairs beneath, base very oblique ; main basal nerves 

 usually 3, with numerous ascending branches, the lowest branch on the 

 large side of the leaf stnrting almost, but usually not quite, from the 

 base; petioles \-\ in. long; stipular prickle 1, stout, short, hooked, 

 pubescent except the tip. Flowers 12-20, in subsessile pubescent pani- 

 culate cymes which are slightly longer than the petioles. Calyx hairy 

 outside ; lobes ovate, acute, keeled to the middle or a little below it. 

 Petals obovate, cun^ate, shorter than the calyx-lobes, exceeding the 

 stamens. Disk with 10 short deeply pitted lobes, glabrous. Styles 

 united almost to the apex. Drupe edible, \ in. in diam., globose or 

 obo\oid, 1- (rarely 2-) celled, black, shining ; pulp scanty ; stone woody 

 or bony. Fl. B. I. v. 1, p. 634 ; Grab. Cat. p. 39 ; Dalz! & Gibs. p. 49 ; 

 Trim. Fl. Cevl. v. 1, p. 280 ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. p. 52 ; Woodr. in 

 Journ. Bomb. 'Nat. v. 11 (1897) p. 271 ; Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 6, 

 part 4, p. 371. — Flowers: Aug.-Sept. Yern. Banji. 



KoNKAN : Graham, Dalzell 8c Gibson ; in moist forests, Talhot. Dkccan : Dahcll ^• 

 Gibson. S.M. Country: Belgauni jungles, /?()'' /;«, 132 ! ; Badami, Coo/,c I ; l^hiirvnxr, 

 Woodrow ! Kaxara : in moist forests of N. Kanara, Talbot ; Kala naddi, Bitckie, 

 13l*!— Distrib. Tliroughout the hotter piirts of India; Tropical Asia, Australia. 



5. Zizyphus xylopyra, WlJld. Sp. PL v. 1 (1797) p. 1104. A 

 straggling ;-hrub, or in favorable situations, a tree; branches armed or not, 

 co\ered when young with a short grey tomentum. Leaves H-3 in. long, 

 elliptic-oblong or suborhicular, crenate-serrate, often mucronate, glabrous 

 above, covered with white or yellowish tomentum beneath, very oblique 

 and sometimes cordate at the base ; petioles { in. long ; stipular prickles 

 frequently absent (when present, twin, one straight, the other curved). 

 Flowers sometimes 4-merous, in small dense pubescent paniculate cymes ; 

 ]ieduncle8 | in. long ; pedicels short. Calyx pubescent outside; lobes 

 ovate, acute or acuminate, keeled about half way down. Petals spathu- 

 late, with long claws. Disk thin, 5-angled. Ovary 3- (rarely 2-) 

 celled ; styles 3 or 2, distinct or nearly so. Fruit hard and woody, 

 ^-l in. in diam., globose, covered with close dense grey tomentum ; 

 stone large, very thick and hard, 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded. Fl. B. I. v. 1, 

 p. 634; Grab. Cat. p. 39 ; Dalz. & Gibs. p. 49 ; Trim. Fl. Ceyl. v. 1, 

 p. 2S2; Woodr. in Journ. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 (1897) p. 271: Watt, 



