LIV. RlIIZol'ltORACH.K. 471 



insortril in |).iirs opposite to ami partly cmbracccl by tliom, rarely inde- 

 linite (Ktmdclia); aiitliers 2-C('lled, rarely multiloculale {Ithizophora). 

 Ovary more or less adnato to the calyx, 2-5- (rarely 3-0-) celled or 

 l-cellcd by the suppression of the septa ; ovules usually 2 in each 

 cell, pendulous ; style usually simple ; stii;-iiia simple or lobed. Truit 

 coriaceous or woody, crowned with or surrounded by the calyx-limb, 

 usually indeliiscent and 1-celled. iSeed 1. pi-ndulous, arillate or not; 

 testa coriaceous or membranous, never lax ; albumim tlcsby or ; 

 embryo inverted, small in the albuminous seeds, elongate in the ex- 

 albuminous ones ; radicle macropodous, in many of the genera perforating 

 the apex of the pericarp and protruding while the fruit still adheres to 

 the tree. — DisrniB, Tropical plants ; many sharing with an arboreal 

 vegetation the muddy shores of the estuaries of rivers ; geuera 17 ; 

 species about 70. 



Seeds exalbuminous ; radicle large, protniduig while the fruit 

 is still on tlie tree. 



Cal)X 4-lobed ; stamens 8-12 ; ovary 2-celled 1. EinzopiioiiA. 



Calyx 5-(>-lobed. 



Stamens 10- 12 ; ovary 3-celled 2. Ceriops. 



Stamens indeCuite ; ovary 1-celled '6. XandeI.ia. 



Calyx 8-14-lobed ; stamens lG-28 ; ovary 2-4-eelU>d 4. Buuguieka. 



Seeds albuminous ; radicle not protruding while the fruit is 



still on the tree 5. Carallia. 



Note. — Many of the species of this Order, which grow in muddy creeks and back- 

 waters, are indiseriminately called "Mangroves," a term which is also applied to 

 several bark-yielding plants of similar habit, even though belonging to other Natural 

 Orders. Dr. Watt (Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 5, p. 157) enumerates the following as the chief 

 species yielding what is known as mangrove-bark: — Ehi^ophoi-a mncronata (tlie true 

 mangrove), Ceriops Candollcana (the black mangrove), Avicemiia officinalis, belongino- 

 to tlie Natural Order Verbenacoa; (tlie while mangrove), Urnffuicra gi/mnorhiza, 

 Brvguiera parvijlora, Ceriops Evxhurcjhiana, Kanddia Ii'/iecdii. Mr. Gamble (Indian 

 Forester, v. 23 [1808] p. 413) adds to the above list the following plants not belonging 

 to the Order Ruizoi'iiorace.e : — LunDiitsera racemosa, Sonneratia acida, Sonneraiia 

 upetala, JEgiceras corniculata, Excecaria Agallovha. 



1. RHIZOPHORA, Linn. 



Trees ; branches thick, terete, marked with leal'-scars. Leaves oppo- 

 site, coriaceous, ovate or elliptic, mucronate, quite entire, glabrous ; 

 stipules large, in pairs, interpetiolar, caducous. Flowers rather large, 

 in axillary 2-3-chotomously-(livided and few-ilowered cymes. Calyx 

 4-lobed, surrounded at the base by connate bracteoles ; tube short, 

 adnate to the ovary at the base. Petals 4, entire, inserted on a fleshy 

 disk. Stamens 8-12 ; anthers subsessile, multiloculate. Ovary 2-celled, 

 g-inferior, produced beyond the calyx into a fleshy cone; ovules 2 in 

 each cell; style conical at the base, subulate; stigma bifid. Fruit 

 coriaceous, ovoid or obconic, girt at the base vvitli the reflexed j^ersistent 

 calyx-teeth. Seed germinating while the fruit is still on the tree; 

 radicle elongate, perforating the apex of the fruit and descending from 

 the tree to the mud. — DisTiun. Muddy shores of the Tropics ; species 

 about 5. 



Many of the .species of this gentis which grow in muddy creeks nnd backwaters are 

 indiscriminately called mangroves, a term which is also made to include several other 

 plants of similar habit, even though belonging to dififereut Natural Orders, as foi 



