472 LIT. imizonioBACE.r. 



cx.iniplc Aviccnnia ojfficinalis, wliicli is called tlie " wiiite ninngiove." Iihi::ophora 

 viucronata is the " true mangrove," and Ceriops Candolleana is known as llie " black 

 mangrove." 



Cymes uennlly 3-flowered ; petals fleshr, villous on the inner 



faces and margins .' 1. /'. mnrrovata. 



Cymes 2-flowered ; petals thin, glabrous 2. li. conjvgata. 



1. Rhizophora mucronata, Laml-. Encijc. ^lctllod. v. 6 (1804) 

 p. ISO. A IiirgL' evergfeeii glalji'ous shrub or small tree ; young branches 

 thick, conspicuously marked with the scars of fallen leaves and stipules, 

 lieaves 3-8 by l|-4 in., elliptic, acute, usually mucronate, glabrous, 

 bright-green above, paler, minutely rugulose and dotted with black dots 

 beneath, base tapering; petioles j-lg in. long; stipules 2-3 in. long, 

 glabrous, minutely rugulose, caducous. Flowers pedicelled, in axillary, 

 usually 3- (rarely 2-) flowered cymes slightly longer than the petioles ; 

 peduncles stout, f-la in. long, from the axils of leaves of the same year ; 

 pedicels short, rugose. Calyx 4-| in. long ; lobes pale-yellovv, coria- 

 ceous, triangular-oblong, subacute, glabrous, reticiilato-rugose, keeled 

 within, reflexed in fruit. Petals white, shorter than the calyx-lobes, 

 oblong, obtuse, thick and fleshy, densely villous on the margins and less 

 so on the inner faces. Stamens 8 ; anthers linear, acute. Fruit Ij in. 

 long, ovoid-conical, surrounded at the base by the persistent calyx-lobes ; 

 protruded radicle cvlindric, sometimes reaching 2 ft. long before it falls 

 from the tree. Fl." B. I. v. 2, p. 435 ; Dalz. & Gibs. p. 95 ; AVight, Icon. 

 t. 238 ; Bedd. For. Man. in Flor. Sylvat. p. xcix, t. 13, fig. 4 ; Trim. 

 Fl. Ceyl, V. 2, p. 151 ; Talb. Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 158; Woodr. in 

 Joiiru. Bomb. Nat. v. 11 (1898) p. 630; AVatt, Diet. Econ. Prod. v. 6, 

 part 1, p. 491. Bhizophora crtH(:?t7«H(/, AVight & Arn. Prodr. p. 310 ; 

 Grab. Cat. p. G8. — Flowers : Aug.-Dec. Vern. Kamo; Diimhi; Kdndal. 



Salt-marshes and tidal creeks along the coast from Sind toKanara. — Dis'inin. India, 

 along muddy shores and tidal creeks ; Ceylon, Trojncs of the Old World and Australia. 



This is the " irve manqrwe." Its bark supplies a useful tanning material. See 

 Watt, Diet. Econ. Prod. l.'c. 



2. Rhizophora conjugata, Linn. Sp. PL (1753) p. 443. A 

 glabrous shrub or small tree ; young branches marked with the scars of 

 fallen leaves. Leaves 4-6 by ]|-25 in., elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 

 usually with a small mucro, dark-green above, paler, rugulose and 

 minutely dotted beneath, base tapering; petioles ^-1 in. long; stipules 

 2-3 in. long. Flowers sessile, in axillary 2-flowered cymes usually 

 shorter than the petioles ; peduncles about ^ in. long or less, stout ; 

 pedicels 0. Calyx ^-g in. long, externally rugose, glabrous ; lobes 

 ovate-oblong, acute. Petals white, slightly shorter than the calyx, 

 linear, thin, flat, glabrous, caducous. Stamens 11-12; anthers linear, 

 sessile or nearly so. Fruit 1 in. long, somewhat conical or obclavate, 

 rugose, glabrous, surrounded at the base by the reflexed calyx-lobes ; 

 protruding radicle cylindric, sometimes reaching 1 ft. long before falling 

 from the tree. Fl. B. I. v. 2, p. 436; Talb. Trees, Bomb. ed. 2, p. 159. 

 imizophora candelaria, DC. Prodr. v. 3 (1828) p. 32 (not of AVight & 

 A.m.); Trim. Fl. Ceyl. v. 2, p. 151. — Flowers : Aug.-Dec. 



Found in the same localities as the preceding, which it much resembles but is not 

 nearly so common. 



