124 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



mouth outside the stem a round hole, continually throwing 

 the chewed stuff away till it gets to the pith, and like as the 

 same goes in the middle of the stem, right up and down, so 

 also the caterpillar must take its way along this channel, and, 

 always going forwards, he makes thus a canal in it of the 

 same width as his body: it does not turn itself round, but 

 only creeps forwards, or it can move itself out afterwards, as 

 I have figured at fig. 4. After the caterpillar, through con- 

 tinually eating away of the pith that continually stands before 

 its mouth, lengthens the channel before it, it fills it behind 

 with its filth, or excrement ; and whenever it has thus eaten 

 the stem empty up to the top, or other circumstances cause 

 it to begin another, it leaves the former in the same way as it 

 entered it, for it makes again another round hole, but now 

 from the inside to the outside, and goes through the same 

 elsewhere. 



" No. 5. — Tha grub undergoes the above changes inside 

 the burr-stem ; but when it is about to become a pupa it does 

 not creep into the earth like many other grubs of this kind 

 (bende), but remains in its beloved cell: it has also the 

 prudence to make the place where the change is to take 

 place a little wider, or somewhat hollower, for as caterpillar 

 they can stretch themselves out, and thus place themselves 

 in a new channel, but that does not occur when they have 

 become pupa3 ; besides, these are also somewhat thicker than 

 the grub. Indeed, this is a wonderful idea in so small and 

 contemptible a beast, and which it truly never found out for 

 itself, but must draw our attention to the highest Wisdom and 

 Might with feelings of reverence and awe. At fig. 5 I have 

 pictured the pupa in a burr-stalk, and at fig. 6 a pupa out of 

 the stalk in his natural form and colour: most are of this 

 size, seldom greater, sometimes much smaller. They usually 

 remain lying three or four months in the pupal state, and the 

 longer they remain the darker they become. At last, when it 

 has become quite ripe and is to come out as a fly, the wings 

 begin to appear through the pupa-membrane one or two days 

 belbre, and the rings of the pupa are visibly stretched out. 



" No. 6. — The birth of the fly happens on the same wise, 

 as 1 have more than once described it in the former part of 

 this work. According to my observation the gold-cloth moths 

 appear in the month of August, sometimes also, but seldom, 



