THE ENTOMOLOGIST 191 



present above 5 per cent., although the mortality of the trees 

 is about the same. From this I gather either that the insect 

 a secondary cause, or that the cold aspect is not favorable to 

 the development of the insect beyond the stage when they 

 have damaged the bark, and so more or less killed the tree. 

 On slopes it is noticeable that the lowest side of the tree is that 

 attacked, where by washing from rains the more tender bark 

 is exposed, and very likely the drought cracks it a little. My 

 proposed remedies and modus operandi for the prevention of 

 this evil are as follows: — 1. To remove all trees which are 

 visibly affected before the insect matures. This, through non- 

 comprehension of the cause of disease, was not done, and our 

 estate and the adjoining one have suffered by the presence of 

 so many centres of evil left to take effect upon the surrounding 

 coffee. 2. About the time the egg or young is still in or 

 under the bark, to keep a staff of men rubbing the trees round 

 the roots with iron gloves, or slicks, with sand, so as to crush 

 the insect in its larva-state. 3. About the time the insect 

 emerges, to keep boys hunting for and picking off the beetle 

 as it adheres to the tree. 4. To let the same boys search fpr 

 newly-made holes of emergence, and pass wires, &,c., down 

 them, so as to destroy the insects therein, in case the beetle 

 should have the habit of re-entering the hole as a caclie during 

 the day. Your member's suggestion as to the non-destruction 

 of insectivorous birds is a very good one; but I am afraid 

 they are too iew, or rather the insect-life is so immense, that 

 they will not play a very imj)ortant part in helping us. No 

 one shoots birds in the bush round us." Referring to one of 

 the modes adopted by Mr. Gooch for killing the larva?, 

 Mr. Dunning suggested that rubbing the bark of the trees 

 round the roots, as stated, would hardly have the desired 

 effect, and would probably damage the tree more than the 

 insect. Dr. Horn (of Philadelphia) also doubted the efficacy 

 of the remedy of inserting wires in the holes, which he 

 compared to shutting the stable-door when the steed was 

 stolen. He stated that in Philadelphia a public park had 

 been planted with a great many different kinds of exotic 

 trees, and amongst them were some pines, which were all 

 destroyed by two of their native species, Callidium autennatum 

 and Monohamnnis dentator. None of their native trees 

 suffered, but the foreign Coniferae were killed iuiniedialely. 

 Dr. Horn also stated that it w us his belief that the Longicorus 



