WOOD. PFtYLOGENY OF CERTAIN CERITHIIDJE 7 



under the name of Cerithkiia eryilirteonense and by Sowerby [1855] 

 and Reeve [18G6] as Cerithium tuberosum. 



Adanson [1757] described and figured a shell from Senegal which he 

 believed to be identical with that of Columnse. His figure closely re- 

 sembles Cerithium tuberosum, except in the aperture, which is more like 

 that of the shell from Senegal described by Bruguiere as Cerithium adan- 

 soni. Adanson was describing a shell collected by himself at Senegal, 

 and his description seems to indicate quite definitely that his shell is 

 really C. adansoni Bruguiere, since it mentions the strongly spinose 

 tul)ercles not found on C. tuberosum and gives tlie size as two inches, or 

 about 50 mm. The youngest specimen of C. tuberosum seen in the col- 

 lections studied was 57 mm. long, and full-grown individuals are 64 mm. 

 or more in length. The similarity in the figures may perhaps be ac- 

 counted for by a tendency on the part of the artist to imitate a figure 

 already published and believed to be of the same species. Adanson named 

 his shell simply "Le Ccrite," and this name would not stand, since it does 

 not conform to the binomial nomenclature. 



The first published description of the genus Cerithium is by Bruguiere 

 [1792]. He divides the genus into three groups, the first of which corre- 

 sponds to Vertagiis Klein and the second to Cerithium sensu stricto. 

 The first species of this second group is Cerithium nodulosum, which the 

 author believed to be of the same species as C. tuberosum Columns, 

 since he cites the latter species in his synonymy. The description, how- 

 ever, corresponds with C. nodulosum, as the name is now applied. The 

 second species of this group is C. adansoni. the description of which cor- 

 responds closely with that of "Le Cerite" by Adanson, and Bruguiere 

 states definitely that he is describing a shell of the same species as Adan- 

 son's shell. 



At a still earlier date Martyn [1784] figured under the generic name 

 of Clava four species which Dall [1907, p. 366] now refers to Cerithium, 

 as follows : 



1. Clava ruf/ata Martyn ^= M urea; asper Linn6. 



2. Clava herculea Martyij = Cerithium ebeniniim BRUGUifeBE. 



3. Clava maculata Martyn = CeritMum clava Bruguiere. 



4. Clava ruhns Martyn =^ Cerithium echinatiim Lamarck. 



On the strength of these figures, Dall [ibid., p. 368] claims for Martyn 

 the first recognition of the genus Cerithium, but Martyn published no 

 descriptions either generic or specific, and it hardly seems tliat tliese fig- 

 ures alone furnish a valid reason for changing the name of the genus 

 from Cerithium to Clava Martyn. Clava has long been established as 



