REMEDIES AGAINST FOREST INSECTS. 39 



The Woodason Bellows. — With one of tbe double-cone bellows manu- 

 factured by Thomas Woodason, Philadelphia, Pa., or other bellows of 

 similar pattern, it is possible to reach branches eight or ten feet high 

 quite readily, and by mounting into the tree, or by means of a ladder, 

 quite effective work can be done on trees ot moderate size. 



The Leggett Brothers' orchard Gun. — Quite recently the Leggett 

 Brothers, of New York City, have invented what they call an "orchard 

 gun, " a machine for the application of powders to foliage beyond the 

 reach of the ordinary hand-bellows. 



This device has been tested in the work of the Entomological Division 

 and promises for certain kinds of work to be a very useful implement. 



It is constructed of tin tubing 1^ inches in diameter made in sections 

 so as to be easily adjusted to any length desired up to 16 feet. On the 

 second section from the base of the device is arranged a small fan 4^ 

 inches in diameter propelled by a crank and cog-gearing of such rela- 

 tive diameters that one revolution of the crank gives thirty of the fan. 

 This delivers a strong blast into the distal portion of the tube or gur. 

 Just above the fan is arranged on the uiDper side of the tube a can 8 

 inches long and 4 inches in diameter, from which the powder fed is into 

 the tube when the crank is turned by the following contrivance: 



Between the can and tube is a flat perforated surface its entire 

 length, and along this surface plays a set of sliding arms attached to a 

 piston-rod which is thrust forward and backward with each revolu- 

 tion of the crank. This sifts into the tube just the amount of powder 

 necessary to supply a constant but extremely diffuse blast. The short- 

 est working length of the gun is 5 feet, and in this length it serves 

 for all ordinary work of applying powder. The weight of the imple- 

 ment when full length is 7 pounds. The length could be easily increased 

 without impairing the efficiency of the implement, except that it would 

 become too heavy and uu wieldly. 



Devices for applying liquids.— For the application of liquids to 

 trees the requisites are a good force-pump and a suitable nozzle, and of 

 both of them there is no scarcity of styles manufactured in this country. 

 In fact, the abundance of pumps, nozzles, and spraying devices tends to 

 confuse the would-be purchaser and makes it the more necessary that 

 the characteristics of a good apparatus should be carefully pointed out. 



The Pump. — While secondary in importance to the nozzle, a suitable 

 force-pump is very essential to successful work. As I have previously' 

 stated, the nature of the work under discussion precludes the use of 

 any but the more powerful machines, except for comparatively limited 

 operations, where any of the smaller hand pu mps, aquapults, hydro- 

 nettes, or syringes may be used. 



In the case of tall trees in parks, such as elms, which frequently attain a 

 height of 40 or 50 feet or more, I have recommended the use of fire en- 

 gines, with which the liquid might be thrown to a considerable distance 

 and, by the force of the discharge, caused to break up into an eflQcient 

 spray. 



