PREFACE. 6 



Europe as mauy destructive species as in Europe. But we have many 

 more shade and forest trees of importance in the eastern United States 

 alone, and when we add to these the forest trees of the western Rocky 

 Mountain plateau and of the Pacific coast, and when we look forward 

 to the attention which must be given in the immediate future to the 

 planting of shade and forest trees on the great plains and in California, 

 the subject of forest entomology assumes still more importance. 



The author has here arranged the forest trees in the order of their 

 importance, beginning with the hard-wood or deciduous trees, the oak 

 heading the list, and ending with the coniferous trees; and under each 

 tree he has first described the habits of the insect on the whole most 

 injurious, sometimes merely giving a list of those insects found to be 

 regular parasites of the tree but not specially injurious, though it 

 should be borne in mind that any species of insect may at certain sea- 

 sons so abound as to prove destructive. 



In preparing the original bulletin, the author was, for valuable infor- 

 mation regarding the food-trees of a number of beetles hitherto unpub- 

 lished, indebted to Mr. George Hunt, of Providence, B. I., and for aid 

 in collecting specimens he acknowledged the assistance received from 

 Mr. Edwin C. Calder, formerly assistant instructor in chemistry, Brown 

 University, and from Prof. H. C. Bumpus, then a member of the sopho- 

 more class of Brown University. 



While preparing the work in its present form the author has been for 

 the last four years connected with the Division of Entomology as a 

 special agent, and matter contained in his reports have been incorpo- 

 rated in this general work. And he takes pleasure in acknowledging 

 the constant aid and sympathy in the work shown by Professor Riley, 

 the United States Entomologist, not only in allowing free and unre- 

 stricted use of specimens, both in his private collection and that which 

 he has generously presented to the Agricultural Department at Wash- 

 ington and to the National Museum, but for the privilege of describiug 

 the transformations of a number of species, represented by blown or 

 alcoholic larvae. Professor Riley has also freely made over to the author 

 many hitherto unpublished notes of habits and transformations, which 

 have been accumulating for the past twenty years — notes and observa- 

 tions which most persons would naturally prefer to keep or publish in- 

 dependently under their own names. These especially relate to oak and 

 elm insects, besides others, and are acknowledged in the places where 

 they appear. Be also contributes an account of the insects of the Celtis. 



Professor Riley has also allowed the use of some unpublished draw- 

 ings and a few cuts prepared as Entomologist of the Department of 

 Agriculture for future use. 



Thanks are also due to the late S. Lowell Elliott, esq., of Brooklyn, 

 Henry Edwards, esq., of New York, and Professor Riley, as well as to 

 Dr. G. H. Horn, of Philadelphia; Dr. P. R. Uhler, of Baltimore; Dr. 

 J. A. Lintner, State entomologist of New York, Mr. L. O. Howard and 



