INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 



PREFACE. 



The foUowiug report is au enlarged and revised edition of Bulletin 7 

 of the U. S. EDtoiiiological Commission on insects injurious to forest 

 and shade trees, which was published in 1881. 



The design of this report is to give to the public, especially those 

 persons interested in forestry and the planting and cultivation of shade 

 trees, a brief summarj^ of what is up to this time known of the habits 

 and appearance of such insects as are injurious to the more useful kinds 

 of trees. It is hoped that such acompeudium will be found useful, and 

 lead the reader not only to refer to the works of Harris, Fitch, Walsh, 

 Riley, Le Conte, Horn, LeBaron, Saunders, Lintner, Forbes, and others 

 of our entomologists who have contributed to this neglected branch, 

 but induce him to make careful observations on the habits of destruc- 

 tive forest insects and to carry on experiments as to the best remedies 

 against their insidious attacks. The writer has added notes of obser- 

 vations made during the past twenty-five years in the forests of Maine, 

 New Hampshire, New York, and the woods of Massachusetts, as well 

 as in Colorado, Utah, Montana, Florida, and on the Pacific coast; also 

 a number of original engravings. The aim has been both to present 

 original matter and to bring together from numerous entomological 

 works, reports, and journals all that is of most importance to the prac- 

 tical man. It is hoped that tbe work in its present form may serve as 

 a convenient synopsis, a starting-point for future more detailed work, 

 as well as a handy book of reference for the use of future observers, 

 and that it will call the attention of the public to a neglected subject, 

 stimulating entomologists, practical foresters, and gardeners to do what 

 they can to add to our knowledge of this department of applied or 

 economic entomology. 



A volume could be written on the insects living on any single kind 

 of tree, and hereafter it may be expected that the insect population of 

 the oak, elm, poplar, pine, and other trees will be treated of mono- 

 graphically. Certainly there could be no more interesting and profit- 

 able work for the young entomologist. 



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