INSECTS INJURING OAK-LEAVES. 199 



Our observations coufirm the accuracy of Clemens's statements. In 

 1884 we reared it from the oak in Providence, the moths in confinement 

 appearing May 3 to 13 of the following spring. 



During the season of 1886 we found the larvge both on the oak and 

 on the aspen at Brunswick, Me., during the last week in August (the 

 25th to 31st). It disfigures these trees by binding the leaves together, 

 where it occupies a gallery in the mass of excrement filling the space. 

 It weaves a slight, but quite consistent, oval, flat cocoon between the 

 somewhat crumpled leaves; the moths appeared in the breeding cages 

 from May 15 to 20 ; at first sight the moth resembles a Tortrix, the 

 wings being wide and broad at the end, and the markings plain; it is 

 very different in appearance from the moth of the other species we have 

 mentioned, which is white, with longer, narrower wings. The abdomi- 

 nal spine of the chrysalis is also very peculiar in shape. 



Larva. — Body flattened. Head wide, slightly narrower than the prothoracic seg- 

 ment; dark brown ; prothoracic shield dark brown, slightly paler than the head. 

 Body behind pale livid greenish flesh-colored ; no dorsal setiferous warts, but on each 

 side of each segment are two dark warts of unequal size giving rise to long hairs: 

 below theui are two smaller, paler, less conspicuous warts. Supra-anal plate large, 

 broad, rounded, blackish, with five setiferous warts around the edges of the plate. 

 All the legs concolorous with the body. Length, 12""™. 



Pupa. — Of the shape of the Tortricidse, being unusually stout and of a mahogany 

 brown color. Abdominal segments peculiar in having a single, finely crenulated 

 ridge passing dorsally and laterally around the front edge of the segment ; there are 

 no teeth or spines, but a rough surface on the ridge with confluent granulations. 

 The tip is peculiar, the last segment being conical, with a stout spine (cremaster), 

 which is rounded, a little flattened, and ending iu two forks, from the sides and ends 

 of which arise in all 6 to 8 long bristles, which stick into the silken lining of the 

 rather slight cocoon in which it transforms. Length, 7m™. 



Moth. — Recognized by its large size, broad square wings, and long slender palpi, 

 curving backwards high over the head. Head, thorax, and fore wings tawny gray, 

 with a line of fine dark scales on the base of the antenuse and on the upper and under 

 side of the last joint of the palpi. Fore wings uniform tawny gray, mottled with 

 fine blackish scales; no distinct markings except a dark diffuse discal dot. Fringe 

 gray. Hind wings and abdomen as well as the legs shining pale tawny gray, much 

 lighter than the fore wings; beneath of the same color, except that the fore wings 

 are somewhat dusky except on the outer edge and outer half of the costal margin. 

 Expanse of wings, 20™™. 



278. THE WHITE BLOTCH OAK-LEAP MINER. 



Lithocolletis hamadryadella Clemens. 

 Order Lepidoptera ; family Tineidje. 



This miner makes a whitish blotch-like mine upon the upper surface 

 of the leaves of different oaks. It is a minute, flat, horny, footless, 

 active, brownish-yellow larva, which transforms within the mine in a 

 delicate disk-like cocoon. 



Several species of oak are injured by this leaf-miner, which ranges 

 from New York to Washington. Sometimes each leaf will contain on 

 an average four or five miners, and young shade trees are thus weak- 



