602 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



It will be imnecessary in this connectiou to give more tbau a brief 

 recapitulation of tbe results of my studies on tbese insects, quoting, 

 where it may seem advisable, tbe more important facts from the article 

 referred to. 



1. The Eyed Emperor. 



Apatura celtis Bd. aud LeC. 



A green caterpillar, with a series of pale, medio-dorsal spots and pale longitudinal 

 lines, with two anal projections aud two antlers on the head, usually found singly on 

 tbe under side of the leaf, transforming to a pale green chrysalis with a serrate back. 

 Two generations annually, tbe second hibernating in tbe second or third larval 

 stage upon the fallen leaf. Butterfly of a russety-gray shaded with dark brown, and 

 with eye-like spots on the wings, tbe female laying eggs singly or in small groups on 

 the under surface of the leaf. 



Fig. 196 Apatura celtis a eggs b laI^a doi sal view e, 

 d, chrysalis, dorsal and lateral views ; e, imago, male, dotted 

 line showing form of female — all natural size. After Riley. 



The larvse of this species are found on the various species of Celtis 

 during May. When at rest they are found on the under side of the 

 leaf, usually on a carpet of silk, and often with a portion of the leaf bent 

 around it, and they reach full maturity by the end of the month. 



" In preparing for the chrysalis state the larva spins on the under 

 side of a leaf a little bunch of silk in which to entangle its prolegs. 

 Sometimes, but not often, it partially covers itself with a curled leaf or 

 with two leaves drawn together. Bere it rests for about two days, 

 when the larval head and skin split open, and the soft and unformed 

 chrysalis works them back to the extremity of its body. It then secures 

 itself, knocks off the shrunken skin, and soon assumes the delicate 

 green color, marked with cream yellow, and the elegant form (Fig. 196, 

 c, d) which nature has imposed upon it." 



other words, the ' Jaw of priority' becomes a nuisance and a positive injury to the sci- 

 ence when pushed to the unnecessary extreme of attempting to solve inexplicable rid- 

 dles." Mr. A. G. Butler, of the British Museum, admitted (letter, June 15, 1874) that 

 he was all wrong in what he had publisbed on tbe subject, and concurred in ray 

 judgment. Mr. Scudder (May 29, 1874) wrote that upon examining Hiibner's 

 Doxocopa idyia, it proved to be the same as a species which he had from Guate- 

 mala, and that it is barely possible that this may be herse Fabr.; wbile Mr. Edwards 

 also wrote (July 12, 1874) that he believed herse not American. In his recent work, 

 Scudder states that idyia [pars] Herr.-Schaeff is clyfon, but not idyia Hiibu., while 

 he concludes that celtis is not lycaon Fabr., a conclusion in which I should hardly fol- 

 low him, so far as the original drawings justify conclusion. 



