INSECTS OF THE TULIP TREE. 663 



of a Tachina fly. It is possible, however, that the eggs of the parasite 

 were deposited after the caterpillar had transformed to the chrysalis. 



As to remedies, it will not be difficult to keep these insects in check 

 by hand-picking, as they are easily seen on account of their size. The 

 butterflies being so conspicuous can without much trouble be caught 

 in hand-nets.* (Comstock.) 



Mr. Hubbard states that it has a single parasite [Ghalcis robiista 

 Cresson) which preys upon it, though rare. 



The following Lepidoptera also feed on this tree : 



4. Papilio troilus Linn. 



5. Chrysophanus thoe Bd. and Lee. 



INSECTS OF THE TULIP TREE. 



Liriodendron tuUpifera. 



1. PhyUocnistis Jiriodendronella Clem. 



The larva mines the small terminal leaves of the branches of the tulip 

 tree. It is without feet. The body tapers from the head, the terminal 

 portion being slender and pointed, deeply incised, almost mouiliform. 

 Head thin and flat. It makes a broader linear mine on the under side 

 of the leaves, leaving a brownish "frass" line. The mine is much con- 

 torted and very long, so as often, if not always, to take up the entire 

 under surface of the leaf, winding over it so as to detach nearly all the 

 under epidermis. This is extremely delicate, of bluish-white color, 

 and often the greater portion of it is detached by abrasions. 



The larva may be taken from the beginning to the latter part of 

 July. My own specimens were found on the 22d of July, at which time 

 they were nearly full-fed. Taken in the latter part of the month, it is 

 very easy to rear the larva and obtain the most perfect imagos. 



Moth. — Forewings silvery white, the posterior portion of the wing pale golden, 

 with a broad pale golden streak along the middle of the wing above the fold, arisiag 

 at its base. About the middle of the costa is a pale golden, oblique costal streak 

 black-margined on both sides, which coalesces with the posterior end of the median 

 streak. The costal cilia silvery, containing three diverging black streaks. The apical 

 spot black with a silvery scale or two before and behind it, and at the extreme apex 

 two black lines on the cilia, diverging from the apical spot. In the cilia of the hinder 

 margin is a black curved line, and at the beginning of the cilia of the hinder margin 

 is a dorsal silvery spot. Hind wings silvery gray; cilia the same. Antennae, head, 

 labial palpi, silvery white. (Clemens). 



The following insects also occur on the tulip tree: 

 Order Lepjdoptera. 



2. Papilio glaucns Linn. 



3. Gallosamia promethea, var. anguafera Walker. (Akhurst in Riley, 



Bull., vi, p. 55.) 



*0f other insects belonging to this genus which feed upon orange, Boisd. and Le C. 

 mention P. epius in the East Indies, P. demoleus in western Africa, P. lysitJious in 

 Brazil, and state that there are several others which they could cite. 



