714 FIFTH REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 



Fig. 247.— Pine bark-borer and 

 pupa. — From Packard. 



the fingers of a hand spread apart or to the track of a bird. From a 

 common center they run off in oi)posite directions up and down the tree, 

 lengthwise of the grain, moderately diverging or nearly parallel with 

 each other, appearing when the bark is stripped off like linear grooves 

 in the outer surface of the wood and inner surface of the bark. They 

 are about .10 wide and 1.50 to 2.00 long, all 

 those belonging to the same cluster being of 

 nearly equal length. Along the sides of these 

 grooves several short sinuous excavations or 

 notches appear, in which the eggs have been 

 placed, where they would remain undisturbed 

 by the beetle as it crawled backwards and forth 

 through the gallery. The accompanying figure* 

 is a representation of one of the clusters of these 

 tracks, copied from the surface of the wood. 

 In this intsance the commencement of some of 

 the galleries, and the principal part of the lower one on the right hand, 

 had been excavated wholly in the bark, and thus made no mark upoa 

 the wood. 



"M. Perris has ascertained that with the European Tomicus laricis, 

 which excavates several galleries from a common center like the insect 

 now before us, a male beetle is found in each of the galleries, whilst 

 only one female is associated with them, she being stationed sometimes 

 alone, in the center, and at other times in one of the galleries in com- 

 pany with the male. And from his observations it appears that these 

 galleries are excavated by the males, each of them being the work of 

 one individual, whilst the female supplies the whole of them with eggs. 

 "As there are no lateral galleries branching off from these main ones, 

 I infer that the young of this insect move and feed along the sides of 

 the galleries in which they are born, and that thus these galleries be- 

 come widened and broad as we find them, their width being much 

 greater than those of the other species, although the insect is but the 

 usual size." (Fitch.) 



We have little to add to the foregoing account as to the habits of 

 this bark-borer. It is common in the pine woods of Maine, making 

 burrows under the bark, not always so regular as Fitch's figures. 



This timber beetle is common in the timber region of the Rocky 

 Mountains of Colorado, boring irregularly into the inner bark of Abies 

 menziesii. The burrows are like those made by the same insect in the 

 white pines from Maine to North Carolina. On the Atlantic coast the 

 more regular burrows radiate from a common center. Those observed 

 on Gray's Peak were ,08 inch in diameter. 



In the pupa the body ends in two long, pointed, horn-like appendages 

 arising from each side beneath. The ends of the hind tarsi extend to 



Not here reproduced. 



