98 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



have been confined to the base of the egg, and was, in fact, the 

 cement for fastening the egg to a leaf, or whatever is the proper 

 place on which the butterfly fixes it. The eggs being laid in a 

 bunch in a confined space, the result is the general dissemination 

 of the cement. The eggs are almost exactly spherical, except 

 for a flat basal area, diminishing the height of the egg by about 

 one-sixth ; an egg 1*8 mm. across is 1"5 in. high. The egg- 

 shells are whitish and slightly rough, with no special structure ; 

 this is, however, probably due to the cement smeared over them. 

 When damp they are transparent, and the larva inside, when 

 alive and filling the shell, was no doubt quite visible inside 

 it, coiled up. The egg is a very large one, the diameter being 

 1"8 to 1'9 mm. 



In a mounted portion of the shell the micropyle is a little 

 patch of very small cells, with centrally eight black dots (pores). 

 The blackness of the dots is merely a refractive effect, as the 

 focus can be altered so as to make them brilliant points. In the 

 immediate neighbourhood of the dots the cells are approxi- 

 mately hexagonal and 0*01 mm. in diameter ; at O'l from the 

 centre they are about 0*015; at 0*15 they are radially elongated, 

 about 0"015 across and 0*03 long ; at "25 from the centre they 

 are about 0*04 long. One or two can be barely made out at 

 0.3 mm. from centre, about 0*03 mm. wide and 0'06 long ; 

 beyond this no traces of cellular structure can be seen. The 

 shell generally is finely granular. Tlie appearance conveys to 

 me — I cannot quite say how — a suspicion that these granules 

 belong to an adventitious coat (of cement ?), but this can hardly 

 be the case regarding their very uniform size and general distri- 

 bution ; each granule occupies a space of about 0"0025 mm. 

 across. The result of certain scratchings and scrapings of 

 another portion of egg-shell leads me to conclude that these 

 granules are adventitious, but not from misplaced cement ; pos- 

 sibly they are some portion of embryonic membrane, as they 

 appear to be rather on the inner surface of the shell. 



P. homerus larva at hatching is 5"0 mm. long, head 1*2 mm. 

 wide; head dark brown, dorsum fuscous-brown to seventh abdo- 

 minal segment ; sides of thorax pale, with slight fuscous shades, 

 second to seventh abdominal segments rather lighter than first 

 and thoracic dorsum ; these segments are all similarly coloured 

 and marked. The eighth, ninth, and tenth segments are colour- 

 less, and notwithstanding the other colourless areas stand out 

 as conspicuously white. The most notable feature of the larva, 

 however, is the groups of hairs raised on great bosses — almost 

 horns on the prothorax — and less ones on the three^ following 

 segments, and on the eighth and ninth abdominal. 



The dark dorsum results from a series of dark lozenges 

 towards posterior border of segments, especially large on second 

 thoracic, and of arched marks on each side of these, and on 



