142 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the country. —Geo. B. Walsh, B.Sc. ; 166, Bede Burn Eoad, Jarrow- 

 on-Tyne. 



Sugar Substitutes. — Mr. Burras asks the question {antea, p. 116) 

 what form of " sugar " is employed hy collectors on the Continent. 

 The compound is a mixture of honey, fermented beer, and pure or 

 mixed fruit " sirops." A much recommended liquor is apple syrup 

 prepared by the following recipe: "Take some scented apples, cut 

 them into slices from 5 to 10 mm. thick, place them in a glass jar, 

 and powder with sugar. After a few hours all the sugar is melted 

 and absorbed into the juice of the apples, forming a syrup which 

 remains at the bottom of the vessel. Sugar should be added several 

 times if necessary until the requisite consistency is obtained." — (E. 

 Andre, ' Lepidopteres de Saone-et-Loire,' p. 8.) The usual " sugar," 

 however, appears to consist of honey alone flavoured or not with 

 some essence or fruit syrup. I do not think rum is much used. — 

 H. K.-B. 



Erratum. — Page 44, for " Polygonia c-album in Cheshire," read 

 '' Polygonia c-albuvi in Worcestershire." 



SOCIETIES. 

 The South London Entomological and Natural History 

 Society.— ilfa7-c/i 28^^^, 1918.— Mr. S. Edwards, F.L.S., President, in 

 the chair. — Mr. Ashdown exhibited Lister's edition of Goedartius 

 ' De Insectis,' 1685. — Mr. Newman, a very long line series of Cosyvi- 

 hia jjcndularia var. decoraria [subroseata), bred from ova in January 

 and February, including almost all combinations and permutations 

 of the dark grey and rosy areas. — Mr. Hy. J. Turner, a series of 

 Phujalia pedaria {pilosaria) from Sherwood Forest, with a series 

 from other localities for comparison. He pointed out seven phases 

 of variation in the specimens exhibited. — Mr. S. Edwards, Papilio 

 nox, with its forms noctis and noctula ; P. paradoxa v. cauuus, a mimic 

 of a EuplcBa sp., P. ilioneus v. amynthor, and P. encelades, all from the 

 Malayan region. — Eeports were made as to the numbers of Gone-ptcryx 

 rharimi, Vanessa io, Aglais urticce, Pieris rapce, and Dmrnea fagella 

 seen during the fine and warm weather of the past week. Lai'Vis of 

 Arctia caja were reported as abnormally abundant ; those of A. villica 

 very scarce. Brephos parthenias was in profusion. — Hy. J. Turner 

 (Hon. Editor of Proceed.). 



Lancashire and Cheshire Entomological Society. — Meeting 

 held at the Royal Institution, Colquitt Street, Liverpool, March 18th, 

 1918, Mr. Wm. Webster, President, in the chair.— Mr. F. N. Pierce 

 exhibited, by means of the micro4antern, slides of the genitalia of 

 the whole of the British Rhopalocera, and showed how, in most 

 cases, modern classification of the butterflies was confirmed by a 

 study of the genital armature. Mr. Pierce's remarks were followed 

 by an animated discussion, and a hearty vote of thanks was accorded. 

 — Mr. W. A. Tyerman exhibited a long series of Hybernia leiico- 

 phcearia from Eastham, including var. marmorinaria and the black 

 form. It was considered that the melanic variety was more frequent 

 than formerly in this locality. — Wm. Mansbridge, Hon. Sec. 



