GLEANINGS FROM MY NOTEBOOKS — I. 149 



the wing one fine August morning. Doubtful records and negative 

 evidence are, however, both unsatisfactory, and I therefore 



determined, if possible, to get something definite to go upon. 

 In passing, I should say that both larv* and pupae are difficult 

 to find in spring, not only are the numbers generally considerably 

 less than in autumn, but, now that they seem to have largely 



forsaken the Euunymits in favour of the ivy, the heavy spring 

 growth of the last-named plant so smothers the old leaves in 

 which the larvse usually pupate, that a search for them is very 

 much like looking for the proverbial " needle in a haystack." 

 However, by a good hunt over an ivy patch where the species 

 used to occur I at last discovered in an ancient rolied-up leaf a 

 small Tortrix pupa, and had the satisfaction of rearing from it 

 on May 1-lth a male T. proniibana, and in the bright sunshine 

 this morning I saw another resting on an ivy leaf. » 



It is, therefore, quite clear that the cold winters have not 

 exterminated the species in this country, and one hopes that 

 M. Moreau may yet find that it has not completely disappeared 

 from the neighbourhood of Paris. 



" Hodeslea." Eastbourne ; 

 May 19th, 1918. 



Since writing the above, I have seen several imagines of 

 T. yroniibana on the wing about the ivy patches here. — R.A. 

 May 22nd, 1918. 



GLEANINGS FROM MY NOTEBOOKS— I. 

 By J. W. Heslop Harrison, D.Sc. 



Except casually, my lepidopterological work during the past 

 half-dozen years has been more or less experimental and is 

 becoming increasingly so ; I therefore consider that the present 

 is a fit time to place on record various notes that have accumu- 

 lated either as a result of holiday visits to somewhat remote 

 localities or during work done locally in other Orders. 



Pieris nain-, L. This species has always interested me, and 

 wherever I have worked and no matter on what errand bent, I 

 have always contrived to find time to net a fair series as a 

 sample of the locality. By far the finest and darkest have come 

 from the coast of Fife between Kirkcaldy and Burntisland ; some 

 of these, except for the less marked ochreous tinge, approach 

 very near to the form known as var. radiata, sent out from 

 Modling, Vienna. When I worked in Eoss-shire, Elgin, Nairn, 

 Inverness-shire, and various other northern Scottish counties, I 

 naturally expected to find variation in a similar direction, but 

 was disappointed, as my captures could have been matched by 

 examples taken in Durham and Northumberland. The same 



