ON THE VARIATION OF INSECTS. 129 



frequency of these pale females varies exceedingly in the different 

 species. In C. scudderi the yellow female seems to be an exception. 

 In the seasonally dimorphic forms of C. eurytheme here, pallida 

 is very common in the summer brood (intermedia), but I have 

 never found it in the autumn and spring form {antumnalis). 

 Nevertheless, a whitish form has been recorded for the var. 

 hagenii, which is close to autumnalis. Mr. J. Anderson, jun., in 

 his most interesting note (Entom. 72), shows that the helice 

 female of C. edusa varies itself quite considerably, and he has 

 even a buff-coloured variety of the female edusa, apparently 

 intermediate between helice and the type. 



(g.) 1. Aberrations, somewhat similar to that quoted in 

 Leucania conigera, are recorded in Chrysophaniis phlceas and 

 Papilio Manor (see Ent. Mo. Mag., 1888, 278). 2. May I again 

 entreat entomologists to look to the matter of asymmetry ? 

 C. H. T. Townsend, in Can. Ent., 1884, 238, says that the 

 elytra of seven out of seventeen specimens of Alaus oadatus 

 were unequal in length ; of these seven, five had the left elytron 

 shortest, these also being the cases in which the inequality was 

 most prominent. 



(h.) Additional cases of pseudohermaphroditism have been 

 recorded in Bupalus and Erebia (* Psyche,' 1888, 92), in Lyccena 

 corydon (Entom. xxi. 13), and in Saturnia pavonia ; the last from 

 Lincoln, recorded in ' Naturalist,' 1888, 199. The last sentence 

 of section "h," "tokens that the female was once dimorphic," 

 should read " female or male," as I think it was the male Lycana 

 that varied, and probably also the male Anthocharis, though we 

 hear (Entom. 7 2) of a female A . cardamines with some of the orange 

 of the male asymmeti-icallj'' developed. This, however, is probably 

 not an atavism, but a tendency on the part of one sex to adopt new 

 peculiarities which have long been held by the other. It quite 

 confirms the view that it is the male Lyccena that has varied, 

 that Mr. W. H. Edwards records (Can. Ent., 1888, 160) an 

 " hermaphrodite " of Lyccena neglecta, which on dissection proved 

 to be a male. This observation is very important, and it is 

 exceedingly desirable that it should be repeated with other 

 pseudohermaphrodites. 



(i.) Although one Chalcid presents a pseudomas form, another, 

 Pteromalus quadrimaculatce, has a var. of the male approaching 

 the female in appearance, as recorded by Mr. Ashmead. 



(k.) 1. On the small size of vernal broods (see C. V. Riley, 

 4th Report, U. S. Ent. Comm., 1885, 352). 2. On dark vernal 

 forms of Ips fasciatus (see Dr. John Hamilton, Can. Ent., 1885, 

 pp. 46, 47). 3. Compare the remarks (p. 29) on Gonepteryx with 

 Darwin on Fringilla cannabina in England and Madeira (' Descent 

 of Man,' p. 394). 



(1.) 1. The dark Colias, mentioned on p. 55, is C. nieadii, 



