28 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



occurs in the United States ; and Ericyclnus paludatus, Walk. 

 {Centralis, Dalm.) (Verb. z.-b. Ges. pp. 708, 699, 696 et 764) ; 

 but tbe commonest enemy is probably Eucomys sivederi (1. c. 

 p. 741), as quoted by Gaulle, who also mentions Kondani's 

 record hence of Pachijneuron coccoriim, Linn. (Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 Ital. 1877, p. 181), as well as Eunotus cretaceus, Walk., which 

 appears to me to be synonymised by him with E. ohscurus, 

 Giraud, recorded from this host at Ann. Soc. France, 1877, 

 p. 427. 



45. Pulvinaria carpini, Linn.* 



Four parasites were bred from this species by Dr. Mayr 

 (Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1875): Microterys cyanocephaliis, Dalm. (p. 707; 

 quoted by Ashm.) ; M. lunatus, Dalm. {Cedrenus, Walk.) (p. 706 ; 

 quoted by Galle) ; Aphycus ajncalis, Dalm., and Eucomys obscura, 

 Dalm. (pp. 695 et 741 ; quoted by both). Gaulle also mentions 

 hence E. scutellata, Swed. (Cat. 98). 



46. Pulvinaria betulce, Linn.* 



We appear to have added nothing to our knowledge of this 

 species' parasites since 1820. Nees (IMon. Pterom. 206) says of 

 Encyrtus sylvins, .Dalm. : " Exclusam e Coccis Betidce albse 

 Vestrogothife feminam abservavit Dalmanus ; e coccis Primi 

 Frischio olim prodierunt ejusdem speciei exempla." Eatzeburg, 

 however, is sceptical, adding (Icbn. d. Forst. i. 212) : " This is 



swiftly from place to place, evidently searching for a suitable host ; its 

 antennte were bent downwards almost at right angles to the long scape 

 forming their basal half, and were moved up and down rapidly and alter- 

 nately, the tips each time touching the path of the insect as it progressed. 

 Many coccids were examined, and when a suitable one was found the parasite 

 turned its head towards the anterior extremity of the coccid, and, resting 

 with all its feet upon the body of the latter, inserted its ovipositor into the 

 centre of the thoracic area ; it then slowly moved its abdomen up and down, 

 and apparently laid its eggs in the puncture ; the parasite then withdrew its 

 ovipositor, and, turning round abruptly, feeling its way again with its an- 

 tenna, seized with its jaws the lips of the wound made by the ovipositor, and 

 distinctly closed them upon it and apparently pressed the edges together ; 

 finally it passed the palpi over the wound, and then left the coccid to its fate. 

 I subsequently saw the process of ovipositing repeated by three different in- 

 dividuals, each one acting precisely tbe same as the first." Mr. Newstead 

 states (lib. cit. p. 252) that Dr. Howard considered this parasite to be " pro- 

 bably Blastothrix sericea, Dalman," of which the latter remarks that it " was 

 reared by Kollar from coccids on Tilia and Prtinus, as well as on JEsculus, 

 Acer, and Corylus. Reinbard and Tschek also reared it from bark-lice on 

 plums and on Carpinus. Probably all these scale-insects belong to the 

 Lecanium group. In this country (U. S. A.) we find Blastothrix nearly 

 always coming from Lecanium, and this is the same with the comparatively 

 few exotic species. Blastothrix loiigipennis, for example, has become rather 

 widely distributed commercially, and is parasitic upon various species of 

 Lecaiiium.'' The most remarkable incident in this account is the manner 

 in which the puncture was subsequently dressed, and I can recall nothing 

 quite hke it in any work on the Parasitica. — C. M. 



