HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OF COCCID^. 29 



supposed to be the species which Frisch (Beschr. v. Ins. Deutschl. 

 Th. ix. p. 37) described as parasite in the brown egg-galls on 

 plum and cherry trees, and which Dalman claims also to have 

 bred from birch Coccus." Ashmead, however (1900, p. 393), 

 records Microterys sylvius, which occurs both in Europe and 

 United States of America, from both hosts without comment. 



47. Pulvinaria innumerahilis, Eathv.* 



Four parasites are enumerated from this species in America : 

 CoccopJiagus flavoscutelliim, Ashm. (How. Kevis. 1895, p. 36) ; 

 C. lecanii {I.e. 33, described by E. A. Smith, 'American Natura- 

 list,' 1878, p. 661, from the synonymous Lccanium acericoiticis, 

 Fitch) ; A-phijcus pulvinarice, How. (Report Ent. U. S. Agric. 

 1881, p. 365) ; and Atropates collinsi, How. (Ashm. 1900, p. 405), 

 from New York. 



48. Lecanium. 



I have no fewer than thirty-seven records of Hymenoptera 

 bred from unidentified examples of this genus. These may be 

 compressed thus: — From Europe are four; Dalla Torre credits 

 Ratzeburg with breeding Coccohius annulicontis from this genus, 

 though at Ichn. d. Forst. iii. 195, the latter simply gives " Coccus," 

 but Howard has found the allied C. ochraceus to attack it (Revis. 

 1895, p. 38) ; Eucomijs (which genus Ashmead says should fall 

 to Encyrtus) lecaniorum, Forst., was raised hence by Dr. Mayr 

 (Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1875, p. 740), together with Blastothrix erythro- 

 stethus, Walk. (/. c. p. 699) ; and Gaulle tells us (Cat. 99) that 

 Cerapterocerus mirabilis also has been bred from species of this 

 genus. In America much has been done since Howard's 1881 

 Report Ent. U. S. Agric, where he includes his Blastothrix ad- 

 jutabilis (p. 365), B. incerta (p. 366), Aphycus eruptor (p. 364), 

 Chiloneurus albiconiis (p. 363), Kucomys fiisca and Astichus 

 minutua, Comst. In 1885 Ashmead contributed (Trans. Amer. 

 Ent. Soc. Proc. p. xix.) his Tetrastichus lecanii, and Howard 

 (Descr. N. Amer. Chal. pp. 25 et 17) his Coccophagus flavifrons 

 and Chiloneurus duhius, as well as (p. 12) Encyrtus suhlestus. To 

 this list Ashmead adds in 1900 Encyrtus fuscus, How., Aphycus 

 annulqjes from Lecanium on oak, A. calif or nicus from Lecanium 

 on Adenostoma fasciculatum, A.flaviceps from Illinois, A.fusci- 

 pennis from Lecanium on Arctostaphylos pungens, A. johnsoni 

 from Lecanium on elm, A. maculipes from Lecanium on water 

 oak, A. lecanii from others on Pinus insignis, Ileteromeles arhuti- 

 folia, and Quercus agrifolia ; and also instances his Eusemion 

 longipennis and Psilophrys longicornis, Walk., as attacking mem- 

 bers of this genus. Newstead remarks upon his breeding several 

 specimens of an apparently new Aphycus (Brit. Coccids, i. 31) 

 from its members. 



