INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE OAK. S. 
giving out a pale-brown bristle. Four of these pimples are on the back, placed at the 
angles of an imaginary square or a trapezoid having its hind side the longest, the two 
hinder pimples being larger. Small white dots confluent into broken lines may also 
be perceived, forming a transverse square in which the two anterior pimples are 
inclosed, and other dots less regularly placed, surrounding the two hind pimples 
except upon their hind side. Above the breathing pores on each side is also a large 
pimple, which, upon the four rings bearing the pro-legs, has a white dot in its lower 
edge, which dot does not appear in the corresponding pimples of the other rings. A 
minute pimple is also seen forward of the upper end of each breathing pore, below 
which all the under side of the worm is greenish white. The breathing pores are oval 
and light yellow, with a rusty brown oval spot in their center and a dark purple ring 
around their outer edge. Below them the skin bulges out, forming a longitudinal 
ridge, or rather two parallel ridges divided by a deep intervening furrow. Upon the 
upper one of these ridges near the middle of each ring is a round cherry-red spot in 
which are two small pimples, and on the lower ridge is a single one, placed farther 
back, whilst four others, equally minute, may be seen farther down and around the 
anterior base of the pro-legs. The second and third rings are shorter, each with four- 
teen pimples of different sizes, the larger ones forming a single transverse row. ‘The 
first ring or neck is polished and of a dark tawny brown color on its upper side, with 
a white line in its middle disappearing anteriorly in a black two-lobed cloud. The 
head is but half as broad as the body, and is of a shining black color, tinged more or 
less with chestnut brown in its middle, with scattered punctures from which arise fine 
hairs. The antenne are chestnut brown, conical and three-jointed, the last joint 
minute, with a bristle beside it given out from the apex of the second joint. The 
palpi are similar, with two small processes from the summit of their second joint, 
the outer one of which ends in a minute fourth joint. Of the eight pairs of legs, the 
three anterior are conical and end in a single chestnut-colored claw. The others are 
short, thick, and retractile, with their soles surrounded by a blackish fringe-like ring 
-composed of a multitude of minute hooks, the last pair, however, having these hooks 
only around the anterior and outer half of their soles. Placed in a glass or tin vessel, 
this worm is perfectly helpless, being unable to cling with these hooks to a hard 
smooth surface. 
With the last change of its skin it loses its bright-red color, and is then white, 
tinged with green at the sutures, and with a pale-green stripe along the middle of its 
back, which disappears at the sutures. The pimples are of a pale tawny yellow color 
with black centers. The head is ight tawny yellow varied in its middle with green- 
ish white, its anterior edge blackish and the jaws deep black. 
As the moth into which this worm changes possesses no jaws or other implements 
by which it is possible for it to perforate the wood, it is necessary’for the worm to pre- 
pare a way for its future escape from the tree; and the provisions which it makes for 
this end are truly interesting, indicating that the worm has aclear perception of what 
its future condition and requirenrents will be, both in its pupa and its perfect state. 
This is the more surprising when we recur to the fact that since its infancy this crea- 
ture has been lying deeply bedded in the interior of the tree, the only act of its life 
having been to crawl lazily around in its cell and gnaw the wood there when impelled 
by hunger. How does it now come to do anything different from what it has been 
doing for months and years before? But, having got its growth and the time draw - 
ing near to have it change into a pupa or chrysalis, we see it engaging in a new work. 
It now bores a passage from the upper end of its cell, outward through the wood and 
bark till only a thin scale of the brittle dead outer bark remains. It is usually at the 
bottom of one of the large cracks or furrows in the bark that this passage ends, 
whereby the hole inside is less liable to be discovered by birds. The worm then dili- 
gently lines the walls of this hole with silken threads interspersed with its chips and 
forming a rough surface resembling felt, as it withdraws itself backwards for a dis- 
tance of about three inches, thus placing itself beyond the reach of any bird or other 
