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INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE OAK. o 
heading the list, and ending with the coniferous trees; and under each 
tree he has first described the habits of the insect on the whole most 
injurious, often merely giving a list of those insects found to be regula? 
parasites of the tree but not specially injurious ; but it should be borne 
in-mind that any species of insect may at certain seasons so abound as 
to prove destructive. 
This bulletin will be sent to entomologists and others who are inter- 
ested in insects preying upon our shade and forest trees, or who are en- 
gaged in rearing coleopterous or lepidopterous larve, with the hope that 
they will aid the author by the communication of notes and specimens ; 
or send the results of their discoveries for publication to some entomo- 
logical journal. Insects in the larva and pupa stages may be put into 
alcohol, while the adult beetle or moth may be pinned, or enclosed in a 
tin box and the latter sent by mail; alcoholic specimens accompanied 
with the wood or bark or fruit infested, could be sent by express. Spe- 
cimens showing the mines or burrows, or pressed and dried leaves con- 
taining the mines of leaf-borers, or twigs injured by twig borers, would 
be welcome. For purposes of full description and illustration coleopte- 
rous larve, as well as caterpillars, should be placed at first in weak alco- 
hol, and after forty-eight hours transferred to alcohol of full strength. 
It is the writer’s hope that the government may be ultimately induced 
to order the publication of an extended report, with the necessary illus- 
tration, upon forest insects, and any aid rendered in the preparation of 
such a volume would beappreciated and fully acknowledged. Theauthor 
will be thankful for the correction of errors or omissions in this work. 
For valuable information regarding the food-trees of a number of beetles 
hitherto unpublished he is indebted to Mr. George Hunt, of Providence, 
kh. I., and for aid in collecting specimens he would acknowledge the as- 
sistance received from Mr. Edwin ©. Calder, assistant instructor in 
chemistry, Brown University, and Mr. H. C. Bumpus, a member of the 
sophomore class of Brown University. 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE OAK. 
(Various species of Quercus.) 
AFFECTING THE ROOTS. 
The roots of various species of oak are, without much doubt, more or 
less injured by the attacks of the seventeen-year Cicada while in its 
preparatory state; as it is known that this insect, so abundant in the 
central and southern States of the Union, remains for over sixteen 
years attached by its beak to the rootlets of the oak and probably other 
forest trees, where it sucks the sap, thus in a greater or less degree 
injuring the health of the tree. Observations as to the subterranean life 
of the seventeen-year locust are few and obscure, and it is quite uncer- 
tain how much injury is really done to trees by this habit. They have 
sometimes been found sucking the sap of forest trees, notably the oak, 
