INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE OAK. 4} 
of the same dark brown color as the lines, whereby they become wholly lost. Some- 
times the hind stripe is perceptibly margined on its hind side by.a pale yellowish line, 
The fringe is of the same dark brown color with the oblique lines, with two whitish 
alternations towards its outer end. But sometimes it is of the same color with the 
wings and edged along its tip with whitish. The hind wings are of a uniform pale 
umber or cinnamon brown, sometimes broadly grayish on the outer margin, and across 
their middle a faint darker brown band is usually perceptible, its edges on each side 
indefinite. The fringe is of the same color with the wings or slightly darker and is 
tipped with whitish. The under side is paler umber brown, the hind wings often gray, 
and both pairs are sometimes crossed by a narrow dark brown band, which on the 
hind wings are curved outside of the middle. All back of this band on both wings 
is often paler, and more so near the band. 
The female is 1.75 in width, and, in addition to the shortness of the branches of her 
antenne, differs from the male in her fore wings, which are proportionally narrower 
and longer, with their hind margin cut off more obliquely and slightly wavy along its 
edge. Hence, also, the dark brown lines cross the wings more obliquely, the hind one 
in particular forming a much more acute angle with the outer margin. And all the 
wing back of this line is sometimes paler or of a brownish ashy color. And the fringe 
of these wings has not the two whitish alternations which are often so conspicuous 
in the male. The head and fore part of the thorax is cinnamon brown. The abdomen 
is black, clothed with brown hairs, though very thinly so on the anterior part of each 
segment, where these hairs are intermingled with silvery gray scales. (Fitch. ) 
36, THE CALIFORNIAN TENT CATERPILLAR. 
Clisiocampa californica Packard. 
. 
Feeding on the scrubby oak, in abundance near San Francisco, a tent-caterpillar 
with a black head and a double rusty black dorsal line, appearing from the middle of 
March till the middle of April. 
“This species,” says Mr. Stretch (in Papilio, vol. i, No. 5), “is exceed- 
ingly abundant in the neighborhood of San Francisco, and is probably 
widely distributed.” Near San Francisco its favorite food-plant is a 
species of scrubby oak, Q. agrifolia, but it is sometimes found on the 
blackberry (Rubus) and other shrubby plants. Its depredations do not 
seem to have extended to the orchards. The nests may be seen in warm 
localities as early as the middle of March, while in those more exposed 
they are not seen till the middle of April; but both these dates are suf- 
ficiently early to protect the orchards. The larve pupate in about six 
weeks from the egg, and the imago appears in about a fortnight. 
Larva.—Head black, legs black; abdominal feet pale testaceous. Body black, 
faintly dusted with rusty, which forms an exceedingly broken and indistinct lateral 
line, and a more complete double dorsal line. Each segment carries a lateral, trans- 
verse, very faint linear dot, above the lateral line. The dorsal and lateral hairs are 
alltawny. The general appearance of the larva is tawny brown. Length about 1.40 
inches. 
Cocoon.—Constructed in the crevices of bark or in the angles of masonry, where ac- 
cessible, and consisting of a loose, white web, in which is suspended the long ovate 
cocoon of dense papery consistency, thickened with a yellowish powdery gum. 
(Stretch.) 
37. THE PACIFIC OAK TENT CATERPILLAR. 
“ Clisiocampa constricta Stretch. 
Feeding on the leaves of the Sonoma oak of California, a tent-caterpillar, with an 
irregular black dorsal stripe and transforming at the end of May, the moth appear- 
ing late in June. 
