50 . INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES 
the eight acute points (including the apex, which is very acute) tipped with a few 
black scales, the fringe being whitish between. Beneath, body and wings ocher- 
yellow, especially in the middle of the wings. Both wings marked alike with a basal> 
diffuse, broad brown line, and an outer much curved brown hair-line. An outer row 
of dark patches forming a faint broken line. An apical, oblique, whitish patch. 
Hind edge of fore wings with darker spots and patches than elsewhere. Expanse of 
wings, 1.30-1.65 inches. This fine moth occurs all over the United States and on the 
Pacific coast from California to Oregon. 
52. THE THREE-TOOTHED OAK GEOMETER MOTH, 
Endropia pectinaria Guenée. 
Living on the oak and other trees a large gray measuring worm, transforming to a 
large Endropia, with three sharp teeth in the hind wings. 
The transformations of this moth have been observed by Abbot in 
Georgia, who found it living on the oak and poplar in April. It changes 
to a chrysalis at the beginning of May, and the moth appears at the 
end of the same month. 
Larva.—Pale green, with the sutures and sides reddish, a double angle bordered 
with reddish on the second segment, another more salient on the sixth, and finally 
another on the tenth; the fifth has on each side a small pointed tubercle. Head and 
feet concolorous. 
Moth.—The hind wings with a large tail and toothed; the fore wings angular; 
sickle-shaped. Body and wings pale whitish-ash. Wings thickly covered with fine 
speckles. Fore wings with three lines, the usual inner and outer line, and a third 
wavy submarginai hair-line. The two inner lines distinct, of even width, a little 
oblique, not waved; the innermost line situated exactly on the inner third, the onter 
line on the outer third of the wing. Front edge of the fore wings stained with red- 
dish on the end of the outer line. Submarginal hair-line wavy, sinuate, reddish, 
situated half-way between the outer line and the edge of the wing, and disappearing 
below the second median venule, scalloped between each venule, much more distinet 
below than above. On the hind wings a single brown line, and traces of a submargi- 
nalwavy line. Beneath, paler than above, with the lines reproduced beneath, and dull 
colored; the third submarginal line on both wings partly obsolete, but clearer than 
above; fringe reddish. Expanse of wings 1.50inches. Ranges from Maine to Missouri- 
The parent of this caterpillar, which is found in the United States, 
north and south, and west as far as Kansas, may be known by the 
three well-marked teeth on the apical half of the hind wings, by the 
clear border of the wings, and the dark clear lines on the under side. 
The caterpillar lives in Georgia on the oak and other trees, according 
to notes left after his death by Abbot, and is of a pale yellowish gray, 
with a dorsal lozenge-like mark. The 4th segment is darker, and on 
the back of the 8th, 9th, and 10th are also two obscure marks bifid 
anteriorly on the first, and carrying a blackish angle on each extremity 
of the second. The head and feet are concolorous. It is found in 
Georgia in May and June, and the moth is disclosed towards the end of 
this last month. A second generation enters the chrysalis state towards 
the middle of July to appear as moths in the beginning of August. In 
the Northern States the species is undoubtedly only single-brooded. 
Besides these geometric caterpillars, that of Metrocampa perlaria 
Guenée should be looked for on the oak, as its closely allied European 
congener (J. margaritata) feeds on the elm, hornbeam, birch, and oak. 
