observed it in the forests of Northern 
ay od i 4 ? 
WS INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE ELM. 63° 
bright red; pupating towards the end of June, and during July and August transform- 
Ing into a snow-white moth. 
This insect is widely spread. I have 
Maine in August, and it is common in 
the Middle States. It is very destruc- 
tive to the elms in New York City and 
Philadelphia, though not known to be 
destructive in the country. The moth | 
may at once be recognized by the snow- 
white body and wings, the anterior pair 
Fic. 24.—Elm span-worm moth, natural 
> . . — a 0 ny 
being angular and the hinder pair Ss els 
slightly notched. It is, according to Fitch, still more destructive to 
the linden than to the elm. 
11. THE NOVEMBER MOTH. 
Epirrita dilutata (Hiibner). 
Order LEPIDOPTERA ; family PHALH NID. 
Feeding on the leaves in spring ; a dirty-green measure-worm, beneath paler bluish 
white, its breathing pores forming a row of orange-red dots along each side, where is 
sometimes also a yellow line; entering the ground in summer, the moth appearing in 
November. (Fitch.) 
In our monograph of the Phalenide we had overlooked the fact that 
Fitch had observed this moth in New York, flying slowly in forests in 
November. It appears to be more abundant in subarctic regions than 
in New England, as we have received numerous specimens of it from 
Newfoundland, and it has also been obtained in Labrador. It is proba- 
ble that it will rarely occur in injurious numbers on elm trees in New 
England. In Europe, according to Newman, “it feeds on white-thorn, 
black-thorn, horn-beam, sloe, oak, and almost every forest tree, and is 
full-fed in June.” Our species in British America, probably like H. cam- 
bricaria, will be found feeding on the mountain ash, a common tree in 
Labrador and Newfoundland. 
The moth.—A much larger species than 2, cambricaria, which is more common, and 
which also occurs in Northern Europe. It may always be distinguished from the 
other species of the genus by the simple not pectinated male antenne. The body and 
wings are pale ash-gray; fore wings with eight well-defined sinuous or scalloped 
blackish lines, most distinct on the costa and veins; the basal line is heavy, and bent 
rectangularly between the subcostal and median veins; the next line, rather remote 
from the basal, curves inward on the subcostal vein, and outward on the median 
space; the two lines beyond are approximate, but less sinuous; the fourth line from 
the base of the wings is broad, diffuse, twice as broad on the costa as the three others ; 
beyond this line is a clear median space, in the middle of which is the distinct discal 
dot; beyond are four more or less distinct lines, of which the outer (or submarginale 
is most distinct and regularly scalloped ; a marginal row of twin black dots; fring. 
whitish. Hind wings with traces of fourscalloped lines, the marginal one the heaviest 
Expanse of wings, 1.60 inches. 
