INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE ELM. 67 
18. THE FOUR-HORNED SPHINX CATERPILLAR. 
Ceratomia quadricornis (Harris). 
Order LEPIDOPTERA; family SPHINGID 2. 
Occasionally eating the leaves, a stout green worm with a large horn on its tail and 
four shorter horns just behind the head, and seven oblique white lines on each side 
of the body. 
This worm not unusually occurs from Maine southward on the elm, 
becoming fully fed early in September, when it descends into the ground 
and pupates, the moth appearing the following May and June. I have 
taken it in Maine as early as May 24. The moth is a large broad-winged 
sphinx, with gray or ashen body and wings, the anterior pair with a 
large white dot near the front edge. 
19. THE FALL WEB WORM. 
Hyphantria textor (Harris). 
Order LEPIDOPTERA; family BOMBYCID2. 
Disfiguring in August and early in September the branches of the elm with their 
unsightly webs in which they live socially; slender, greenish-yellow caterpillars, dotted 
with black, with rather sparse, silken, whitish hairs, and transforming into a pure 
white moth. 
The fall web worm should not be confounded with the American tent 
caterpillar, being about half the size of the latter, and appearing late 
in summer, when the tent caterpil- 
lar has disappeared. It is abund- 
ant and unwearying in its attacks 
on different fruit and shade trees. 
It is omnivorous in its taste and 
one of the most abundant pests in 
the Southern as well as Northern 
States, being abundant in Maine, 
and ranks with the canker-worm as 
a general nuisance. The webs can ses RU A ! 
be removed by hand or by the use figure) ; For (2). BO ON oe 
of mops dipped in a solution of carbolic acid or kerosene oil; or the 
branch with the web may be cut off. It occurs on fruit trees, as well as 
the hickory, black walnut, and sometimes the oak. 
The larva when young is pale yellow, with the hairs quite sparse, and with two rows 
of black marks along the body; the head is black. 
When fully grown it is pale yellowish or greenish, with a broad dusky stripe along 
the back and a yellow stripe along the sides. It is hairy, the rather long whitish hairs 
springing from black and orange-yellow warts. It is very variable as to depth of 
coloring and markings. 
The moth is stout-bodied and entirely white. The female deposits her eggs in a 
cluster on a leaf generally near the end of a branch, the eggs hatching during the 
months of June, July, and August, earlier or later, according to the latitude. Each 
worm begins spinning the moment it is born, and by their united effort they soon cover 
the leaf with a web, under which they feed in company, devouring only the pulpy 
parts of the leaf. (Riley.) 
ctr eidp 
Fury WES 
