90 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
45. The American silk worm, Telea polyphemus. (See p. 47.) 
16, The black walnut sphinx, Smerinthus juglandis. (See p. 84.) 
17. The butternut leaf-miner, Lithocolletis caryefoliella Clem. 
18. The locust or hickory borer, Cyllene picta (Drury). (See p. 70, 95.) 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE CHESTNUT. 
(Castanea vesca.) 
AFFECTING THE TRUNK AND LIMBS. 
1. THE CHESTNUT TREE BORER. 
Making a zigzag burrow under the bark, and sometimes descending nearly 2 inches 
towards the heart of the tree where it may spend the winter, a longicorn larva nearly 
# inch long, dirty white, of much the appearance of the hickory or locust tree borer, 
and transforming in its chamber into the beetle state. 
Although the chestnut has been supposed to be remarkably free from 
borers, we have found that in Rhode Island the trunks are quite liable 
to the attacks of a borer, which we have not yet traced to the beetle, 
but which will probably prove to be the species next mentioned (Arho- 
palus fulminans), since this beetle, which is known to inhabit the chest- 
nut, is closely allied to the locust borer in its form, while the larva 
is also closely like that of Cyllene picta and the different species of 
Clytus. The burrows in outline are flattened, cylindrical, being adapted 
to the broad flattened front part of the body of the larva. The burrows 
begin as small zigzag galleries about a line in width and 4 inches long, 
making about three turns at nearly right angles in this space; they are 
filled with the castings of the worm; as the larva grows larger it sinks 
deep in towards the heart of the tree, when the burrow in the deepest 
part becomes packed with large, long, curved chips, apparently bitten 
off by the grub for the purpose of forming a chamber, the partition of 
chips possibly serving to keep out the cold during its winter’s sleep. 
2. THE BROWN CHESTNUT BEETLE. 
Arhopalus fulminans (Fabricius). 
Order COLEOPTERA; family CERAMBYCID. 
Boring into the trunk, a grub like the foregoing, if not the same insect, which 
transforms into a dark brown beetle with dark blue reflections, and the wing-covers 
crossed by four zigzag fine gray lines. 
The following notice of this beetle is taken from my Second Report on 
the Injurious Insects of Massachusetts (1872) : 
My attention has been called by Mr. R. B. Grover, a student in the State Agricul- 
tural College, to the fact that the Arhopalus fulminans Fabr. (Fig. 40, enlarged twice), 
one of the family of longicorn beetles, bores in the trunk. I know nothing further 
concerning its habits nor of the appearance of its grub. The beetle itself is blackish 
brown, with slight dark-blue reflections; the legs and antenn are of the same color, 
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