INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE LOCUST. 97 
so far as he is aware, the locusts in Davenport had not been attacked by borers up to 
1863. Now, if the hickory-borer is identical with the locust-borer, why did it not 
attack the locusts in Rock Island and Davenport before 1563 and 1864? And why, 
when it did attack them, did it appear suddenly in great swarms? 
The larva is six or seven-tenths of an inch long, somewhat flattened, club-shaped, 
the thoracic segments being considerably broader than the abdominal ones, but at the 
same time distinctly flattened above and below. The head when extracted from the 
thorax appears almost circular and narrower than the prothorax. The latter is twice 
broader than long, rounded anteriorly, flattened above and below, brownish yellow, 
covered, especially on the sides and below, with a short golden pubescence. A deep 
longitudinal sinuated furrow is visible on each side, a short transverse furrow crosses 
its posterior end. The upper disk is inclosed between two furrows beginning at the 
posterior margin, and not reaching the anterior one; a transverse furrow, parallel to 
the posterior margin, separates a narrow fleshy fold. The anterior portion of this 
upper disk is irregularly punctured and wrinkled, although shining; in some speci- 
mens it has an indistinct, elongated, somewhat oblique brownish spot on each side, 
about the middle; the posterior portion of the disk is opaque, covered with dens- 
longitudinal wrinkles, among which a straight impressed line is apparent in the mide 
dle. The ventral side is irregularly punctured on the sides, and has a depression in 
the middle which is less apparent in some specimens. 
The other two thoracic as well as the two first abdominal segments have, above 
and below, a transverse flattened opaque disk, limited on each side by a furrow, and 
showing some indistinct furrows on its surface; the other abdominal segments have 
the usual protuberances, on the dorsal as well as the ventral side, marked with wrin- 
kles. The last segment is short and divided in two halves by a transverse fold; the 
jatter half has the anal opening at the tip. All these segments are beset with short 
golden hairs on the sides. There are no feet, asin the Lamii. (Ostensacken. ) 
The pupa has numerous pointed granulations onthe prothorax ; similar granulations 
ending in sharp points are placed in a row on the dorsal segments of the abdomen, 
near the posterior margin; the same segments have, more anteriorly, a few similar 
sharp, horny projections. On the penultimate segments these projections are larger 
and recurved anteriorly at the tip; there are six in a row near the posterior margin, 
and two others more anteriorly. The last segment has four similar projections in a 
row. (Ostensacken. ) 
The beetle.—Body velvet-black, and ornamented with transverse yellow bands, of 
which there are three on the head, four on the thorax, and six on the wing-covers, the 
tips of which are also edged with yellow. The first and second bands on each wing- 
cover are nearly straight; the third band forms a ‘‘V,” or, united with the opposite 
one, a ‘‘ W,” the fourthisalso angled, andruns upwards on the inner margin of the wing- 
cover towards the scutel; the fifth is brokenor interrupted by a longitudinal elevated 
line; and the sixth is arched, and consists of three little spots. The antennz are 
dark brown, and the legs are rust-red. These insects vary from six-tenths to three- 
fourths of an inch in length. (Harris.) 
Remedies.—An excellent way to save a valuable shade tree from the 
attacks of this borer is to thoroughly soap the trunk late in August, so 
as to prevent the beetle from laying its eggs early in September. All 
insects breathe through little holes (twenty in all, ten on each side); 
now, if a film of soap or grease or oil of any kind closes the openings of 
these breathing pores, the air cannot enter the respiratory tubes which 
ramify throughout the interior of the body and the insect dies by 
asphyxiation—i. é., drowns. Harris states that whitewashing and cov- 
ering the trunks of the trees with grafting composition may prevent 
the female from depositing her eggs upon isolated trees. Also, young 
7 RIL 
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