104 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
diameter, and which had been set out for thirty or forty years, suddenly 
died, and on being cut up into fire-wood were found to be deeply per- 
forated in all directions by larvee referable to this species by its large: 
size and resemblance to the locust borer. More than one larva and one 
burrow were found in the same tree. There seemed little cause to 
doubt but that the grubs were the cause of the sudden death of the 
tree. 
In the summer of 1881, I noticed that one tree in the College Campus 
was partly killed by these borers, and that other trees in different parts 
of the town had been bored by them. One tree, over one foot in thick- 
ness, had about twelve holes in the trunk, from which the beetles had 
issued a year or two previous. The leaves during the past summer 
were small and curled up, and the tree was evidently in a sickly condi- 
tion. The few Aphides and Psoci, observable on the leaves in July and 
August, were not sufficiently numerous to occasion the trouble, and we 
attribute it to the effects of the borer. Another somewhat larger sugar 
maple in the same yard, the age of which was about forty-five years, had 
but two holes in it, made by the same borer, probably in 1878 or 1879; 
the tree was nearly healthy, with fully developed leaves. A red maple 
close at hand had not been affected by the borer, and we could not 
learn that this species (A. rubrum) had ever been attacked by this borer. 
It seems to us that these are clearly demonstrated cases, where healthy 
trees have been killed by borers. 
The first observer to notice this borer, and the fact 
that it destroys living maples, was Rey. L. W. Leon- 
ard, who gave an account of its habits to Harris. His 
attention was called, in 1828, to some young maples. 
in Keene, N. H., which were ina dying condition. He 
discovered the insect in its beetle state under the 
loosened bark of one of the trees, and traced the re- 
cent track of the larva three inches into the solid wood. 
In the course of a few years these trees, upon the cul- 
Bra. 45.—Giycobius sPe- tivation of which much care had been bestowed, were 
—From Saunders. 
nearly destroyed by the borers. 
This beetle was said by Mr. E. B. Reed, in 1872, to be gradually de- 
stroying the sugar maples at London, Canada, and in the Report of 
the Entomological Society of Ontario, for 1878, Mr. Saunders states 
that the destruction was spreading rapidly in the streets of the same 
city. To this society we are indebted for the use of the figure of the 
beetle. 
The beetle, according to Harris, lays her eggs on the trunk of the 
maple in July and August. The grubs burrow into the bark as soon as 
they are hatched, and are thus protected during the winter. In the 
spring they penetrate deeper, and form, in the course of the summer 
long and winding galleries in the wood, up and down the trunk. 
The beetle is black with a yellow head, with the antenne and the eyes reddish. 
black; the thorax is black, with two transverse yellow spots on each side; the wing- 
