INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE MAPLE. 197 
ning a cocoon of silk covered with its castings; the moths issuing from the tree late in 
May and thence through the summer, the worms occurring under the bark through the 
summer and winter. (Riley. ) 
This borer is sometimes very destructive to soft and sometimes to 
sugar maples, especially young trees, in Ohio, Illinois, and Missouri, the 
moths sometimes emerging in great numbers 
from the trunks of the trees. Mr. G. R. 
Pilate states that the red maple trees in 
Dayton, Ohio, were greatly infested by this 
borer, in consequence of which a large nun- 
ber of those shade trees are dead or dying. 
(Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Club, vol. i, 20.) Mr. 
Riley says he has always found the worms 
in such trees as have been injured either by 
the work of the flat-headed borer, by the rub- 
bing of the trees against a post or board 
or in some other way. ‘* Where the bark is 
kept smooth they never seem to trouble it, 
the parent evidently preferring to consign 
her eggs to cracked or roughened parts. 
For this reason the worm is not found in 
the smoother branches, but solely in the 
main trunk. Whether the soap applica- Fic. 47.—e, Hgeria acerni; a, caterpil- 
; b, cocoon; d, pupa cases —Af.er 
tions will prevent the moth from depositing’ oc 
her eggs is not known; judging from analogy, probably not. Yet it will 
tend to keep the bark smoother, and in ‘being used to shield the tree 
from the other borer, it will indirectly shield it from this one. Mr. 
Gennadius recommends whitewashing the trunks, and filling up all 
holes and fissures with mortar, so as to render the bark as smooth as 
possible.” 
The moth.—Head and palpi deep, reddish orange, thorax ochreous yellow; abdomen 
bluish black varied with yellow, with a deep reddish terminal tuft. Fore wings with 
the edges and median vein bluish black dusted with yellowish; a large discal bluish 
black patch; end of the wing ochreous yellow, with a blackish subterminal band, 
and the veins blackish. Hind wings with a blackish discal patch. Body beneath 
ochreous yellow, with a bluish black patch on each side of the second abdominal seg- 
ment. Middle and posterior tibiz ringed with bluish black; the fore legs blackish, 
with the cox (or hip joints) touched with reddish orange; expanse of wings about 
0.80 inch. 
The larva is a little over half an inch long, livid white, the head small and yellow, 
with 16 legs, all of which are reddish. (Clemens.) 
4. THE FLAT-HEADED APPLE-TREE BORER. 
Chrysobothris femorata Fabricius. 
In the Mississippi Valley, sometimes riddling soft maples through and through, con- 
Aning itself mostly tothe inner bark, causing peculiar black scars and holes in the 
trunk, a flat-headed grub, transforming to a flat, hard-shelled beetle. (Riley. ) 
While this beetle more commonly infests the oak (p. 16) and the apple, 
it threatens in the Western States, according to Riley, to impair the 
value of the soft maple for shade and ornamental purposes. 
