128 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES, 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE BIRCH. 
(Betula lenta, ete.) 
AFFECTING THE LEAVES. 
1. THE TRIPLE-ROWED SYNETA. 
Syneta tripla Say. 
Order CoLeorTEerRa; family CHRYSGMELIDAS. 
In May and the fore part of June, eating the leaves of this and various other trees, 
an oblong chestnut-brown and closely punctured beetle, with wing-covérs usually 
pale dull yellowish except on their suture, and their punctures forming about three 
rows between each of the three raised lines; its length 0.25 and about a third as wide. 
A common insect in New York. (Fitch.) 
2. THE VARIABLE LEAF-HOPPER. 
4 Athysanus variabilis Fitch. 
Order HEMIPTERA; family CERCOPID A. 
Puncturing the leaves and succulent shoots and extracting their juices, from the 
middle of June till the middle of July, an oblong oval leaf-hopper of a sulphur yel- 
jow color, its wing-covers commonly with an oblique black stripe, their tips hyaline; 
its thorax and scutel often tawny yellow or black; its length 0.20. (Fitch.) 
This insect may every year be met with in numbers upon birch trees 
and also upon alders. It was once found literally swarming upon a 
white birch standing apart from other trees. (Fitch.) 
3. THE SMALLER LEAF-HOPPER. 
Athysanus minor Fitch. 
From the middle of June till the middle of August, a similar leaf-hopper to the pre- 
ceding, but of a cinnamon color, including its face, and having a colorless hyaline 
spot on the middle of its wing-covers and a larger one on their tips; itslength 0.18 to 
0.20. (Fitch.) 
4. THE WINDOWED LEAF-HOPPER. 
Athysanus fenestratus Fitch. 
From the middle of June till the last of July, a leaf-hopper resembling the forego- 
ing species, but with blackish wing-covers with similar hyaline spots and a smaller 
third one placed on the middle of the inner margin, and its forehead black with a 
pale yellow band between its eyes; its length 0.20 inch. (Fitch. ) 
The following insects also occur on the birch* :— 
5. Chrysobothris 6-signata Say. Beetle and pupa found in the yellow 
birch June 1, Providence. 
In Europe Rheumaptera hastata (Hiibner) and Operophtera boreata Hubner live upon 
the birch; these are common insects in the Northern United States, but their habits 
have not yet been observed. : 
