158 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
in March. During the past May I have found, in company with Mr. 
Calder, at Providence, the perfect beetles, and also the pupa in deep 
burrows or mines in white-pine stumps. I have heretofore regarded the 
holes made by this borer as probably those of Chalcophora virginiensis, but 
they are regularly oval cylindrical, less flattened oval than those made 
by a Buprestid, and exactly like those of other flat-bodied longicorns. 
The openings perhaps more abundant on the south side of the tree or 
stump, in the base of the trunk of the white pine, are at times very 
numerous, aS many as ten in a space of 5 square inches. They are, 
on the average, 6™" wide by 3™™ deep, or half as deep as wide. The 
sides are smooth, but the orifice is often partially concealed by project- 
ing portions of the bark. The holes are deep, extending 6 or 8 inches 
towards the heart of the tree. Seen longitudinally the “ mine” or tunnel 
is about a quarter of an inch (6™™") wide, sometimes wider, and ends in 
an elongate oval cell, wherein the pupa rests. Some extend up and 
down under the bark, while most plunge deep into the wood. 
The larva.—We have not specimens at hand for elaborate description, but those 
found in the oak were footless, white, with a rather large prothorax, in which the 
head sinks, with strong black jaws; the body is quite uniform in thickness, gradually 
diminishing in width posteriorly. It is .6J inch in length. 
The pupa is .44 inch long. It is flattened and rather broad, and may be readily 
identified from the other pup of the genus, as it has the characters of the species, 
viz, by the short antennie, which do not extend quite as far as the hinder edge of the 
metathorax, the joints composing it being much shorter than in the other species. 
It may also be recognized by the two raised longitudinal lines on the wing-covers cor- 
responding to those on the wing-covers of the beetle; the wing-covers extend to near 
the middle of the second abdominal segment, and the tips of the hind legs reach 
nearly to the posterior edge of the third abdominal segment. The end of the abdo- 
men is square, and ends in two sharp, slender incurved hooks, which are dark red at 
tip. Length, .44 inch. 
The beetle differs from two larger common beetles (Criocephalus agrestis and obsoletus ) 
with which it associates, by its much smaller size, which, however, is very variable, 
and by the much shorter antennie, the joints being much shorter and thicker and 
more coarsely pitted than in the two species above named. Itis brown-black, with a 
rounded, flattened prothorax, and two longitudinal ridges along the wing-covers. 
I have taken this beetle at Nederland, in Colorado, June 30; it 
undoubtedly preys upon coniferous trees in the Rocky Mountain region. 
It is also said by Leconte to occur in Russian America (Alaska). 
20. Criocephalus agrestis Kirby. 
Boring into pines from Maine to Colorado and the Pacific coast, a rather large white 
jongicorn larva; assuming the pupa state in May and the beetle state in June and 
July. 
This large beetle closely resembles Asemum moestum, but is about 
twice as large, with much longer and slenderer antenn ; it is also char- 
acterized by the three large irregular pits on the top of the prothorax ; 
these pits are also seen in the pupa, and by them the pupa noticed be- 
low was identified as belonging to this species. In color and the two 
