166 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST: AND SHADE TREES. 
thirteen segments, the head being counted asone. Its head is polished 
and white, at least during the first periods of its life, with its mandibles 
chestnut brown, and no indications of eyes, and no feet, but with their 
places supplied by two small round retractile teat-like protuberances on 
the under side of each of the three segments next to the head. Havy- 
ing completed their growth, they sink themselves into the wood to 
repose during their pupa state. The small round hole which they per- 
forate in the wood for this purpose, is seen at or near the outer end of 
each burrow in which the worm has lived to reach maturity. 
The pupa resembles the pertect insect in its size and shape, with the 
radimentary legs and wings inclosed in sheaths and appressed to the 
outer surface of its body in front. After taking on its perfect form it 
perforates a small round hole through the bark and, comes out from the 
tree. 
This and the other bark-beetles of the pine have numerous insect 
enemies which wage incessant war upon them. Various species of 
small beetles pertaining to the families Staphylinide, Histeride, &c., are 
always to be met with under the loose worm-eaten bark of pines, and 
M. Perris has ascertained that these insects resort to this situation for 
the purpose of rearing their young, their larve being predaceous and 
subsisting upon the larve and pup of the bark-beetles. (Fitch.) We 
have found this species common under the bark of pines in Maine, the 
beetles flying in April and May. 
31. THE FINE-WRITING BARK-BEETLE. 
Tomicus calligraphus Germar. 
Under the bark of the pitch pine and other species of pine, mining long, and often 
zigzag tracks lengthwise of the tree, these tracks having short, coarse, irregular 
branches; a chestnut-brown bark-beetle 0.18 to 0.22 long, clothed with numerous yel- 
lowish gray hairs, its thorax rough anteriorly from close elevated points, and punct- 
ured posteriorly, its wing-covers with rows of coarse punctures, their tip broadly 
excavated as though with gouge-chisel, the surface of this excavation rough from 
coarsish punctures, and its margin on each side with five or six small unequal teeth, 
Appearing mostly in the month of May. (Fitch.) 
This species was originally named exesus, or the excavated bark. 
beetle, in allusion to the tips of its wing-covers, in the old Catalogue 
of Rev. F. V. Melsheimer, under which name a short account of it was 
published by Mr. Say, in the year 1826. Germar, however, had de- 
seribed it two years before, under the name calligraphus, meaning ele- 
gant writer, which name it must retain, although not happily chosen, 
the tracks which this beetle forms under the bark being coarse, irreg- 
ular, confused, and far less beautiful than those of many of the spe- 
cies of this genus. 
It is in the pitch pine that this beetle mostly occurs in the State of 
New York, but I have also met with it in the limbs of aged white pines, 
and farther south it is common in the yellow pine. Its burrow is some- 
what like that of the preceding species, consisting of a single long fur- 
r 
