INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE PINE. 183 
tree over 30 feet in height and almost perfect in shape) had about 6 feet 
of the top broken off—the effects of this borer. JI am in hopes the small 
parasitic flies I found in the larva will soon get the upper hand, so as to 
keep them in check.” | 
Additional observations have also been made by Mr. D. 8. Kellicott, 
who states* that the moth is pretty widely spread, as it occurs not only 
in foreign and native pines in and about Buffalo, but that he has “found 
it quite abundant in small white pines of the forest at Cheektowaga, Erie 
County, New York. At this place I found many plants had been 
dwarfvd and ruined by their ravages. It also occurs, to what extent I 
am unable to say, at Hamburg and Clarence Center, in the same county. 
I recently visited a portion of this State, Oswego County, formerly clad 
to some considerable extent with white pine, and there are yet standing 
some virgin forests of this splendid tree. In divers places in that 
county I found our borer; it is so abundant, in one locality at least, 
that it proves a grave enemy to the young pines of second growth where 
the primitive trees have been removed by the lumbermen. There is 
near Hastings Center an old slash in which at least one-half of the 
many such small pines have been injured; indeed, in one neglected 
corner, among scores, scarcely one tree had escaped. In this instanee, 
also, many pines were stunted, while some thus weakened had been 
broken off by the wind.” * .* * ‘Jn a clump of pines, whose trunks 
were from 6 inches to 1 foot in diameter, many of the larger ones had 
been ‘boxed,’ 7. e., inclined incisions had been cut by the axe through 
the sap wood in order to catch the pitch exuding from the wound. 
Around the borders of these ‘boxes’ the galleries with both pupa 
skins and living larve were plentiful. Itappears that the larva cannot 
penetrate the outer bark of other than quite tender trees; nor could I 
find evidence of their attacking the branches of larger trees, although 
I had opportunity to examine such that had been felled during the 
winter just past. ‘Since the larva so readily takes advantage of a 
wound, may it not stand related as a messmate to other borers?” * * * 
“JT have found the moth’s galleries in both trunk and branch, both 
above and below the whorls (usually below), sometimes completely 
girdling the stem, thus killing the portion above; in one instance I ' 
found a gallery passing from one whorl to the one above.” 
Larva.—When fully grown, 16™™ to 18™™ in length. The head is shining chestnut- 
brown: the mandibles black. The body is livid or blackish green, naked, with a se- 
ries of black dots, each dot giving rise to a single, rather stout bristle. The protho- 
racic shield is blackish. The larva has three pairs of thoracic or true-jointed feet: 
and four pairs of abdominal or false feet, besides anal claspers.t (Grote. ) 
* Canadian Entomologist, xi, p. 114, 1879. 
tMr. Kellicott found that the larva hybernates, as April 12 he found the caterpillars 
of various sizes from 0.25 to 0.7 inchin length. ‘‘None of those taken were ‘livid or 
blackish green,’ but dull white; nor do the hairs arise from a ‘series of black dots,’ 
but from light-brown ones. I take it to be a case where a naked hybernating larva 
is lighter than during the warm summer. Otherwise the caterpillars were as described 
by Mr. Grote.” 
