196 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
of leaves. Such effects we have often seen in isolated pitch-pine trees 
in the woods of Maine. Still more destructive are these larve to plan- 
tations of young pines on Cape Cod, where, if not prevented, they may 
strip tree after tree of a young growth of seedling pines. Moreover, 
an allied species (J. leconte’) is annoying to the ornamental Austrian 
pines and Scotch firs on lawns and in shrubberies, so that we have 
\ Hg aa placed these insects near the - 
\\\ {i |! \\ [jj head of those destructive to 
N | MUU)’ the leaves of coniferous trees. 
\' 4) = Mr. W. C. Fish writes me 
that worms which I have iden- 
tified as being of this species 
do “much mischief among the 
pines on Cape Cod. These 
pines are small, having been 
growing but from six to twelve 
\ years from seed planted by 
‘ the farmers in order to renew 
PP nk de pune culaiget d ate, alert sites eo! the soil on their poorer lands. 
ingen G, male, 7, feniale, anvennaienlarged.— whole acres Of these small 
pines are (1868) being destroyed by this insect. Their habits are very 
similar to those of the fir saw-fly, Zophyrus abietis of Harris, though 
they are more gregarious than he describes that species to be. They 
eat the needles down to their insertion, thus stripping one twig after 
another. The larvie spin their cocoons among the leaves, and the flies 
appeared about the middle of August. Out of thirty-one individuals 
but oe was a male.” 
Professor Riley, in his Ninth Report, states that this saw-fly in its 
larval state is destructive in Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. He 
states that the perfect insects are quite irregular in coming out of the 
ground, many of them issuing in May, but others not until toward the 
end of summer. “On opening cocoons that had passed the winter I 
have found many yet containing the larva the latter part of June, while 
others of the same brood had become flies six weeks before. * * * 
In ovipositing the female saws beneath the epidermis on one of the flat 
sides of the leaflets, and pushes into the slit an egg, which is whitish, 
ovoid .08™" long, on an average. As the egg swells it forms a con- 
spicuous bulging of the epidermis, and the mouth of the slit opens and 
exposes more and more a portion of the egg.” It is preyed upon by an 
ichneumon fly (Limneria lophyri Riley). 
\ \ 
\ 
— 
Larva.—Average length 0.80 ineh, thougb many will measure an inch. A soft, 
dingy-white worm, having often a greenish or bluish line superiorly. On all joints 
but the first, which is entirely white, two oblong square black spots along the back, 
and another somewhat rounder spot each side; these become somewhat diffused on 
the three latter joints, forming on the last a single black patch. Three black thoracic 
legs; fourteen abdominal and two caudal prolegs. Thoracic joints largest; the three 
last smallest and tapering. Some are marked very regularly, while in others the white © 
