198 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
false caterpillars, of which he found two broods on “ pines, particularly 
those set in our yards for ornaments, stripping the limbs which they 
invade of their leaves.” He further says, ‘‘ When nearly mature these © 
worms are so large that the end of a single leaf of the pine probably 
furnishes them a very insufficient mouthful, hence two worms often unite, 
standing face to face, and thus hold the five leaves which grow from 
each sheath on the white pine pressed together in a bundle as they eat 
them, commencing at the tip and gradually stepping backward as the 
leaves become shorter. It is only the old leaves of the previous year’s 
growth which these worms consume, never touching the new ones at 
the outer end of the limb; hence they injure the tree much less than 
they would were they to strip the limbs they invade of the whole of 
their foliage. At least two broods of these worms appear annually, the 
one in July, the other in September and October, the latter often remain- 
ing on the trees after frosty nights have occurred. Having finished 
feeding, they leave the tree and inclose themselves in cocoons under 
fallen leaves or other shelter on the surface of the ground, in which they 
remain during their pupa state.” 
The femate.—Lenegth, 0.33 inch to the tip of the abdomen and 0.48 inch to the end 
of the wings. It mayat once be distinguished from all our other described species by 
the joints of its antenne, which are 21 in number. It is shining dull, tawny yellow, 
with the antennie black, and also the abdomen and base of the thorax. The under 
side is paler yellow, with two broad black stripes on the abdomen. The wings are 
smoky hyaline, their veins black. Captured the middle of May. (Fitch.) 
tiley states that this saw-fly has been found feeding on the Scotch and 
Austrian pines in New Jersey. The larva he describes as an inch long, 
dirty or yellowish white, with dorsal black marks wider before than 
behind, and usually broken traasversely in the full-grown individuals. 
They are further apart than in ZL. abbotii. The lateral spots are some- 
what square, with an additional row of smaller black marks below them, 
and the last segment is entirely black above. 
The antenne of the male fly are twenty-one-jointed, and have on one 
side seventeen large and on the other seventeen small branches, there 
being eighteen on one side and fifteen on the other in Z. abbotii. The 
female may at once be distinguished from ZL. abbotii by her abdomen 
being jet black above, with a small brown patch at the end and a trans- 
verse line of the same color just below the thorax. ; 
Besides the species of Zophyrus above mentioned there are four other 
species of this genus, which probably live on coniferous trees, and also 
the following species known to infest the pine.—Lophyrus pinetum Nor- 
ton (female, with 19 antennal joints, on pine, Norton in Packard’s Guide, 
p. 226). 
Remedy.—These saw-flies, living as they do in societies in large masses 
of coarse castings like sawdust, are easily detected by the eye, and ean 
readily be removed by hand, especially in the case of ornamental shrubs. 
