210 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
tends below the wing cases) from side to side with rapidity. The dura- 
tion of the pupa. state is from ten to fourteen days. The moth makes 
ifs exit from the pupa shell without disturbing the position of the latter, 
leaving it attached by its threads some distance up the mine, and works 
its own way to the entrance. 
“There are certainly two broods of this insect each year, probably 
three, and possibly more in exceptional seasons. Of the general hiber- 
nating habits of the genus, Stainton says: ‘“‘ Of a few species the young 
larve live through the winter, but I believe the greater number pass 
the winter in the egg and pupa state.” With the present species the 
nearly full-grown larve have been found during the winter, but not in 
great numbers. What we consider to be the egg of this species has 
also been found in apparently healthy condition in midwinter, and the 
insect, without much doubt, hibernates in both of these forms, and pos- 
sibly in either of the others. The moths of the first brood issue during 
the entire month of June, the difference between the earlier and later 
ones probably depending upon the form in which they hibernate. 
“As we have stated before, larve almost identical in appearance with 
those found on Pinus rigida in New York have been discovered on the 
serub-pines (P. inops) around Washington. These larve were bred to 
the perfect state and proved to be the same species. 
“A leaf-miner of precisely the same habits and of almost the same 
appearance was found the past winter in the leaves of the southern 
pine (P. australis) at Macon, Ga., a point where, owing to a sudden fall 
of some 400 feet in altitude, the northern and southern floras meet in a 
remarkable manner. Progressing southward, a careful search was made 
for additional specimens of this leaf-miner, but none were found except 
in this one locality. Assuming the identity of the two forms (they have 
since been bred and proved identical), it puzzled us for some time to dis- 
cover how the species could have reached P. australis, since the south- 
ernmost limit of P. inops is South Carolina, and P. rigida is essentially 
‘northern. It was not until we discovered the same miner in leaves of 
the yellow pine (P. mitis) that we were able to solve the problem. The 
yellow pine is not only found north, but also extends south until at 
Macon, Ga., we can see it mingling with the northernmost specimens of 
P. australis. 
‘* The moth.—Palpi simple; hind wings excised beneath the tips. Head 
white, flecked with scales of the general hue of the insect, which may 
be called a brownish-yellow. Palpi white; the second joint longer than 
the third, brownish-yellow flecked with fuscous scales on the outer side ; 
third joint white, with a brownish-yellow annulus about its middle, and 
another near the tip; antenn white, each joint crossed by a brownish 
band. Thorax and fore wings of the general hue above mentioned, 
flecked with fuscous scales. On the fore wings are three white fasciz, 
placed respectively at about the basal, middle, and apical fourths of the 
wing length; the apex is densely dusted with fuscous on a white ground, 
