~~ a a 
INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE PINE. ile 
q the sticky gum. Dried lumps of resin, fairly bristling with protruding 
pupa-skins, are a common sight on trees affected by these insects. The 
adult insect is large, measuring 9™™ (.354 inch) in wing-expanse. The 
head is blackish, the thorax gray, and the abdomen dark red. The male 
antenne are 26-jointed, with alternate single and double joints, all pedi- 
celled; the female, 14-jointed. The main peculiarity of the adult form 
is in the remarkable gibbosity of the head, the eyes joining together at 
the summit and covering nearly the whole head. The wing-venation 
and other points are shown in the plate. The resin exuding from 
the wounds in P. inops is perfectly clear, and permits one to count the 
number of the larve and to watch their every motion. 
Upon the loblolly pine (P. teda), however, it is milky, and the pres- 
ence of the insect cannot be ascertained without opening the mass. 
We have as yet no data upon which to state definitely whether the 
eggs of the midge are laid upon the uninjured bark, and it is the work 
of the larve in the bark which causes the resin to exude, or whether it 
is only in resinous exudations, caused by a bruise or by the work of 
some other insect that the eggs are laid. In the clear lumps on Pinus 
¢nops the larvie are always observed with their heads applied to the 
abraded bark. 
Somewhat similar, though evidently distinct, larvee were found feed- 
ing in the resin exuding from the wounds made by the larva of Retinia 
comstockiana in the twigs of Pinus rigida. Itis probable that they may be 
Osten-Sacken’s Cecidomyia pinis-inopis, but it is difficult to say positively 
as his description of this species is so very indefinite. (Comstock.) 
We have noticed the work of this gall-fly at Providence, the cast 
pupa skins being found protruding from the masses of pitch June 28. 
We have also observed it for many years past at Brunswick, Me. 
84. THE PITCH-PINE NEEDLE GALI FLY. 
Diplosis pini-rigide Packard. 
Shortening and deforming the needles of the pitch pine, in Maine, early in May, 
orange-colored larve, which spin a cocoon towards the end of May; the fly appearing 
probably in June, as the second brood of larvze occur late in September. 
* In the year 1862 or 63 I observed in an isolated young pitch pine (Pi- 
nus rigida) at Brunswick, Me., that many of the leaves or ' 
needles were less than half as long as usual, and much 
swollen at their base, as seen in the adjoining cut. These 
deformed needles were quite numerous on the tree, and, so 
far as I am aware, have not been previously noticed. Ri 
The larva is situated at the base between the inner two Fic. 88. — Pitch- 
of the three needles, which grow from one-third to one- Shortened rae 
half of their normal length, and by the irritation set up fe eannaee 
; seilld gelltuy-— 
by the worm the united base of the leaves swells into a Prom Packard. 
*The following account and figure are taken from Hayden's Tenth Annual Report of the U.S. Geo- 
graphical and Geological Survey of the Territories for 1876. Washington, 1878, p. 527. 
