214 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO.FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
bulbous expansion about the size of a pea, or four times the original 
thickness of the needle, while the third or outer needle is sometimes 
not altered in size, but simply shortened and aborted. The bud-seales 
of the primary leaves are burst and hang down in shreds about the 
bulbous swelling of the secondary leaves or needles. The larva, which 
was found in the autumn of the same year (September 22), does not ap- 
parently bore into leaves, as it has no means of making its exit unless 
it works its way out of its prison through an oval hole between two of 
the leaves. It has to do so in some way, however, for when fully fed 
it makes its exit, ascends to the terminal buds, and pupates on one of 
them, exposed to the air. Sometimes there are two larvie, one on each 
side of a leaf. 
The cocoons are pale, oval, and covered with the pitch which exudes 
from the buds of the tree, and were found May 20. When the fly issues 
from the cocoon it creeps half way out of its cocoon, leaving its pupa- 
skin partially remaining, with the old pupal integument of the antenne, 
wings, and legs eae! 
On the 10th of June I opened the cocoon and found the pupe of a 
chalcid fly, and afterwards found specimens of the adult, which, on 
making their exit, bore small holes through the sides of the cocoon. 
The history of the species is apparently somewhat as follows: The 
eggs are probably laid at the base of the needles early in May, or pos- 
sibly in the preceding autumn, or possibly the larva winters in the gall, 
though this is not probable. At any rate the worms pupate within 
spun silken cocoons about the middle or the third week in May, and the 
fly probably appears in the early part or about the middle of June, when 
the eggs are laid for the second brood of worms, which we have found 
September 22. <A large percentage are destroyed by the chalcid fly. 
Larva.—Deep orange in color, with the ‘‘breast-bone” retractile. The lateral swollen 
region of the body is well marked, convex, and the segments are short, quite convex. 
Female described from life-—Antenne 14-jointed, about half as long as the body, 
brown, with sparse, irregular verticils of gray hairs, the ten terminal joints twice as 
long as broad, and pedicellate. Clypeus and epicranium testaceous brown, the cly- 
peus (hypostoma) having a few long gray hairs curving over and downwards. Palpi 
concolorous with the ends of the antenne. 
Thorax shining black, with four lines of white hairs, as in C. pini DeGeer; the sides 
including the prothorax, reddish ; scutellum reddish-brown, while the trochanters are 
much darker, the first pair being nearly black, the two posterior pairs reddish-brown. 
Legs brown, paler beneath, with gray hairs, the tarsal joints darker at the articula- 
tions, covered with fine silvery hairs. 
Wings rather short and broad, with scarcely any pubescence ; fringe long, veins dark 
brown; the subcostal (first longitudinal) vein terminates at the middle of the wing 
(in C. salicis it terminates much beyond this point); the median vein terminates at 
or perhaps a little below the apex; it curves around rapidly, following the curve of 
the margin; cross-vein very minute, very oblique, almost obsolete, situated a little 
before the middle of the first longitudinal vein; third longitudinal vein straight, but 
turning down to the inner margin at nearly a right angle. The venule which, in con- 
tinuation of the main vein, is bent upwards at its origin, thence goes straight to the 
outer edge, inclosing a triangular space. The halteres are pale flesh-colored. 
