218 INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND SHADE TREES. 
100. PINE-LEAF CHERMES. 
Chermes pinifolia, new species. 
Order HEMIPTERA; family APHID. 
Stationary upon the leaves, usually towards their ends, puncturing them and suek-~ 
ing their juices, a very small black fly 0.08 long to the tip of its abdomem and 0.12 
to the end of its wings, which are dusky gray, its abdomen dusky red and slightly 
covered with fine cottony down. (Fitch.) 
The females of these insects do not extrude their eggs. Clinging closely 
to the leaf with their heads towards its base, they die, their distended 
abdomens appearing like a little bag filled with eggs. The outer skin 
of the abdomen soon perishes and disappears, leaving the mass of eggs 
adhering to the side of the leaf, but completely covered over and pro- 
tected by the closed wings of the dead fly. I have met with the dead 
females thus adhering to the leaves the-first of July, and have noticed 
the same insects on the leaves in full life and vigor the middle of May. 
The rib vein of the fore wings runs straight to the outer margin forward of the tip, 
and gives off from its middle on the outer side a very oblique branch which runs to 
the outer margin, its tip producing a slight angular projection of the edge of the 
wing, and the whole space on the outer side of the rib vein beyond this branch is 
more opake than the rest of the wing and of a smoky yellowish color, From its inner 
side the rib vein sends off three simple oblique veins, the last one of which ends in 
the extreme tip of the wing. The hind wings have an angular point on their outer 
side beyond the middle, and a longitudinal rib vein, which, forward of its middle 
sends off a branch almost transversely inward, its tip curved backward. ‘The antennie 
\ poe t , are short, thread-like, and composed 
¢ of four or five small joints. It will 
. hence be seen that this insect is a true 
Chermes—the first species of this genus 
that has been discovered in this coun- 
try. (Fitch.) 
101. THE PINE-LEAF SCALE-INSECT. 
Mytilaspis pinifolie (Fitch). 
Order HemirTERA; family Coccip 2». 
Fixed upon the sides of the leaves of 
young trees, exhausting them of their 
juices and causing them to turn yel- 
low; small oblong flattish white scales, 
with a pale yellow spot upon their 
pointed end. (Fitch.) 
This insect is injurious in the 
. a {3 ~ 7 1 > 
Fic. 89.—Pine-leaf scale-insect; a, natural size in pine Western States, according to 
leaf; b, male; ce, d, female scale. Riley, who deseribes and figures 
it in his Fifth Report. The disease to which it gives rise is sometimes 
called the “ white malady.” Riley states that it produces two broods a 
year in Missouri, 7. e., one in July and again in October. It occurs on 
the white pine, red pine, Bhotan pine, yellow pine, and cembra pine, 
and sparsely on different species of imported pines. I have also noticed 
it at Brunswick, Maine. 
