Leucophasia EUCIILOE. 5 



3! p. Mnemosyne (Linn.). — Wings white, fore -wings dusky at the tips, and with two black 

 spots near the costa, but no red spots. Expands from 2 to 2i inches. It is found in Scandinavia, 

 Eastern and Central Europe, and in Asia Minor, chiefly in the mountains. It is an extremely 

 local insect in the Alps, though common where it occurs, in a few damp Alpine valleys. It has 

 been reputed British, but on no reliable authority. The butterfly is found in June and July, and 

 the larva, which feeds on Cojydalis Halleri, and conceals itself during the daytime, may be looked 

 for in April and May. Figured in all stages at PI. 3, Fig. 3, a — c. 



FAMILY II.— PIERID/E. 



This family differs essentially from the last in the inner margin of the hind-wings not being 

 concave. It contains a number of middle-sized white or yellow butterflies, generally with black 

 borders, and the wings are never dentated, though with angular projections in one genus. The 

 larvae are slender, thinly covered with fine hairs, and have no protrusile fork on the neck. The 

 pupae are all attached by the tail, and by a thread round the body. The butterflies frequent 

 gardens, fields, and open places in or near woods. Among the foreign species the prevailing 

 colours are also white and yellow, though some are beautifully marked on the under surface 

 of the wings. With few exceptions, they do not greatly surpass our native species in size. 



GENUS I. — LEUCOPHASIA (STEPH.). 



White, delicately formed butterflies, with no spot in the centre of the fore-wings ; abdomen 

 very slender, reaching beyond the hind-wings. Pupa with a projection in front, giving it a boat- 

 shaped appearance. The few species of this genus are found in Europe and Northern Asia. 



* I, L. Sinapis (Linn.), {Wood White). — Wings white, fore-wings (except in variety ^n-j/w/, 

 Borkh.) with a rounded ash-coloured spot at the tip. Expands about i^- inches. It is found from 

 May to August in shady woods, and its -flight is very weak. Abundant in most parts of Europe, 

 and in Northern and Western Asia. It is very local in England, Ireland, Holland, and the 

 Lower Rhine district generally ; and in many localities extremely rare. The larva is green, with 

 yellow stripes on the sides ; it lives in June and September on vetch and trefoil. Figured in all 

 stages at Pi. 4, Fig. i, a — c. {L. Duponcheli, Staud., from South France, has a triangular spot at 

 the tip of the fore-wings, generally extending to the inner margin, and the base of the wings 

 yellowish.) 



GENUS II. — EUCHLOE (HUBN.). 



Fore-wings rounded at the tip, which is generally marked with an orange blotch in the male ; 

 hind-wings green beneath, chequered with white or yellow, or with silvery-white streaks or spots. 

 Antennae slender and rather short ; abdomen slender. The larvae feed on many cruciferous 

 plants. Pupa boat-shaped. This genus is found throughout Europe, Asia, North Africa, and 

 Western North America. " Orange Tips," belonging to other genera, are numerous in Africa and 

 in the East Indies; some of those from the East Indies, belonging to the genus Hebonioia (Hiibn.), 

 are the largest of all the Pieridce, measuring 5 or 6 inches across the wings. 



I. E. Bekmia (Esp.). — White, fore-wings with a large black spot in the middle of the costa; 

 the tip greenish-black with white spots. Under side of hind-wings and tip of fore-wings green, 

 with silvery or (in variety Glance, Hiibn.) with white streaks. Expands about i\ inches. Found 

 in meadows in South Spain and North Africa, from December to May. Larva yellow, with 

 rose-red streaks on the back and sides. 

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