1 8 EcKorf.AX Butterflies and Moths. 



outer half; tlic middle band, a row of spots in black rings, and a series of triangular marginal 

 spots, straw-colour or whitish, with a faint silvery lustre in the female. The northern variety, 

 A. Ossianus (Herbst.), is smaller, darker above, and with white or silvery spots below. 

 A. Aphirapc expands about li inches, and is found in marshy meadows about the end of 

 June in Central Europe and Western Asia, but is always very local. A. Ossianus is found 

 in Northern Europe and Asia. The larva of ApJiirape is silvery grey, with paler lines on the 

 back, a white streak on the sides, and short whitish spines. It feeds on Polygonum bistorta 

 and marsh violet. The butterfly is figured at PI. 8, Fig. 8, a, b. 



* 2. A. Selene (W. V.), {Small Pearl-bordered Ftitillaiy). — Under side of hind-wings rust- 

 colour, varied with straw-colour beyond the middle. There is a row of silvery and straw- 

 coloured spots at the base ; one in the centre of the wings, beyond this a narrower one,' of 

 which only the ends are distinct, and outside this a marginal row of triangular silvery spots. 

 Between this and the incomplete band is a row of small black spots, and there is a larger 

 one, edged with yellow, between the large silver spot in the middle of the broad central 

 band and the base. Expands from \\ to if inches. It is common in open woods in spring 

 and autumn throughout Europe, except in the extreme south, and is also found in 

 Northern and Western Asia. The Lapland variety, Hela (Stand.), is smaller and darker 

 above. The larva is black, with a whitish stripe on the back divided with black, and short 

 pale brown spines. There are also two slender black spines on the head, which are not 

 branching. It lives on dog-violet in June and September. 



3. A. Selenis (Eversm.). — Very similar to A. Selene, but the 'darker portions of the under side 

 of the hind-wings are light red instead of rust-colour. There are four rows of silvery spots across 

 the wings, the two inner rows mixed with straw-coloured spots. The black spot near the base 

 is also surrounded with silvery. The under side of the fore-wings has also a marginal row of 

 silvery spots, not seen in any allied species. Expands from \\ to \\ inches. Inhabits the south 

 of Russia and Siberia. 



* 4. A. Euphrosync (Linn.), {Pearl-bordered Fritillary). — Also very like Selene, but the darker 

 portion of the under side of the hind-wings is brick-red, and the only silvery spots except the 

 marginal ones are one large one in the middle of the central band and one or two smaller ones 

 at the base; the black spot between these is also bordered with silver. The Lapland variety, A. 

 Fingal (Herbst.), has darker spots on the upper surface than the t}'pe, which are often united to 

 form bands. In size, habits, times of appearance, and distribution in Europe and Asia, it agrees 

 almost entirely with Selene; but, except that it occurs in mountainous countries at a greater 

 elevation than the latter, is perhaps the scarcer insect of the two. The larva is black, with a 

 bluish-white stripe on the sides, and short black or yellow spines. It lives on violets in April, 

 June, and September. 



5. A. Dia (Linn.), (Weavers Frilillary). — Also resembles Selene, hnt the darker portion of 

 the under side of the hind-wings is purplish, and the interrupted spots are replaced by a violet 

 streak ; there are two basal rows of silvery and yellow spots, as in Selene, and the next row is 

 still more rudimentary ; and the middle spot of the row of black spots, as well as that ncaret 

 the base, has a silvery centre. The black spots of the upper side of the wings are also larger 

 than in the allied species, although Dia is generally smaller, rarely measuring as much as 

 i.V inches in expanse. It is common in woods in spring and autumn throughout Central and 

 Southern Europe and Western Asia, and has also been captured several times in the south of 

 England, though not yet regularly placed on our lists as a British species. Lar\-a dark grey, 

 with a whitish streak on the back divided with black, near which are black spots ; a double 



