20 European Butterflies axd Moths. 



Lapponica (Stand.), is intermediate between these. Expands from v\ to i J. inches. This butterfly- 

 inhabits damp mountain meadows and moors. Pales is confined in Southern Europe to the 

 Alpine ranges; but is also found in the plains of the north of Europe and Asia. Arsilachc is 

 found at a lower elevation, and is local in Germany, Switzerland, Northern Europe, and Northern 

 and Western Asia. The butterfl)' appears in July and August ; and the larva, which is brownish- 

 grey, with a sulphur-coloured streak on the back intersected with a fine line, and has black warts 

 and short flesh-coloured spines, feeds on Viola iiiontana in early summer. 



9. A. Htxatc (VV. v.). — Hind-wings beneath brownish-yellow, with pale yellow basal and central 

 bands ; no marginal lunules, and the intermediate band obscured, but with two rows of black 

 spots on a pale ground before the hind margin. Expands li inches. It is found in June and 

 July in Southern and South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia, frequenting meadows in hilly 

 districts. 



10. A. Daphne (VV. V.).- — Hind-wings beneath greenish-yellow, varied with violet-red towards 

 the margins. There is no sih'er, but the middle band is followed by a row of dusky spots with 

 pale centres, between which and the hind margin is another row of obscure dusky marks. The 

 upper side has separate square black marginal spots, placed obliquely on the nervures. Expands 

 from I J to 2 inches. Another somewhat scarce and local insect, found in June and July in 

 Southern and Eastern Europe and Western Asia. The larva, which feeds on violets and rasp- 

 berries in May, is blackish-brown, with dark yellow spines, and yellow stripes on the back and 

 sides, that on the back divided by a dusky line. 



11. A. Ino (Rottemb.). — Closely allied to A. Daphne, but smaller (expands \\ to if inches); 

 the hind-wings beneath are dusted with broWn towards the margins, and are only faintly clouded 

 with violet ; the middle band is bordered with brown. The dark marginal spots on the upper 

 side are connected with each other and with the border. Common in many parts of Europe and 

 Northern and Western Asia in damp meadows in June and July. Absent from the north-west 

 and the extreme south of Europe. The larva is whitish-yellow or yellowish-brown ; the back 

 brown, with a double pale yellow line. A brown stripe, bordered with yellow beneath, on the 

 sides ; spines yellowish. Feeds on Sanguisorba officinalis, Spircea iiruncus, and Uriica tirens 

 in May. 



12. A. Niobe (Linn.). — Hind-wings beneath pale yellow, dusted with greenish and rust-red, 

 with large pale yellow (var. Eris, Meig.) or silvery spots at the base, two rows of similar spots 

 across the middle, and another marginal row. Outside the third row is a series of small rust- 

 coloured spots with silvery centres. On the upper side of the fore- wings the nervures are not 

 thickened in the male, and the female has whitish spots before the tip. Expands from i| to 

 2 inches. This has long been a reputed British species, and has lately been said, on good 

 authority, to have been taken not uncommonly in Kent ; but there is a difference of opinion 

 among those entomologists who have examined the specimens as to whether they may not belong 

 to the next species. It is common in woods in June and July throughout the greater part of 

 Europe and Western Asia. The larva is brown, with a white stripe on the back, bordered with 

 blackish, next to which is a row of triangular white spots ; spines reddish-white. Feeds on violets 

 in May. 



* 13. A. Adippe (Linn.), (High Broivn Fi-itillaiy). — Very like A. Niobe, but the wings are 

 brighter coloured above, and two of the nervures of the fore-wings are thickened before the 

 middle in the male ; the female has no pale spots at the tip. The hind-wings are yellowish 

 beneath, and are not dusted \\ith rust-colour, or (except in some varieties, such as Chlorodippe, 

 Herr. Schaff.) with greenish. The spots are silvery in the t}'pe ; in the variety Clcodoxa (Ochs.) 



