LiMENITIS. 23 



4th, and I ith segments. There are two broods : one in the spring, after hybernation, and another 

 in July. It feeds on Orobus vcnitts. Tlie butterfly appears in June and August. 



2. N. Lticilla (W. v.). — Size and colour cA Aceris, but the basal streak is narrow, and broken 

 into spots. The white central bands are broader, and the small marginal spots of the fore-wings, 

 and the narrow outer band of the hind-wings, are entirely absent on the upper side. Found in 

 Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and Western Asia in June and July. The extremities of its 

 western range are Bohemia on the north and Piedmont on the south. It is not considered a very 

 common insect. Larva reddish-brown, with two thick peg-like processes on each of the 3rd, 

 4th, 6th, and I2th segments. Lives in May on Spiraea salicifolia. The butterfly is figured at 

 PI. 10, Fig. 1, a, b. 



GENUS V. — LIMENITIS (FABR.). 



This genus differs from Ncptis chiefly in the fore-wings. The hind margin is broad, 

 long, and curved, and the discoidal cell is closed. There is no white stripe from the base. 

 The larv?s have branching spines, or fleshy humps covered with spines. Many handsome 

 species of Limcnitis are found in the East Indies and North America, but the genus scarcely 

 appears to reach either of the southern Continents. 



* I. L. Sibylla (Linn.), {White Admiral). — Blackish-brown, with an interrupted row of white 

 spots on the fore-wings, and a white band on the hind-wings. Under side varied with tawny, 

 with two rows of black spots before the hind margin. Inner margin of the hind-wings 

 bluish. E.xpands from \\ to 2\ inches. It is found in most parts of Central Europe, 

 including the south of England, in June and July, but is somewhat local. Its elegant sailing 

 flight through the forest glades has long been celebrated. It frequents bushy places in or 

 on the edges of woods, and is generally found in the neighbourhood of water. The larva is 

 green, with a white streak on each side, and two rows of rust-coloured spines on the back. 

 The head is red, with two white stripes. It lives in May on honeysuckle in shady places, 

 and prefers those plants which creep on the ground. The butterfly is figured in all stages 

 at PI. 10, Fig. 2, a — c. 



2. L. Camilla (W. V.). — Size and pattern of Sibylla, but bluish-black, with a row of pale 

 blue dots round all the wings. The fore-wings have a conspicuous white spot in the middle, 

 which is scarcely marked on the upper side in Sibylla. The under side is varied with brown 

 and reddish, instead of tawny, and there is only one row of black spots before the hind 

 margin. Common in many parts of Southern and Central Europe and Western Asia, but 

 does not appear to extend much further north than the fifty-first parallel of latitude. It 

 is nevertheless somewhat local and scarcer than Sibylla, and appears rather later in the 

 summer {July and August), frequenting more open places, such as hedges and bushes in the 

 neighbourhood of woods, especially in hilly districts. It has been erroneously reputed British, 

 owing to the names of this and the former species having been confused by many of the older 

 writers. The larva is very similar to that of Sibylla, and likewise feeds on honeysuckle in 

 April, May, and July. It is green, with the belly and legs red. The head is also red, finely 

 spotted with white, instead of striped. The tubercles are large and green, with the tips red. 



3. L. Popiili (Linn.), {Poplar Btittcrfly). — Dark brown, fore-wings with white spots, .and 

 hind-wings with a white band. Hind-wings with a marginal row of red lunules, of which 

 traces may also be seen on the upper part of the border of the fore-wings. In the male 

 the white markings are generally dusted with brown ; and in the variety Tremiilm (Esp.), the 

 white band is absent above. Wings beneath tawny, the pale markings greenish, especially 



