t. 



HiPPARCIIIA. 29 



5. //. Persephone (Hubn.), Aiithe (Oclis.).— Brown, fore-wings with two large eye-spots scarcely 

 ocellated, placed on a broad whitish band, which entirely surrounds the second eye. There is no 

 white spot above the eye nearest the tip, but the spot within it is produced to the costa. Hind- 

 wings with a white suffused band, angulated in the female, and with a black spot in a yellow ring 

 near the anal angle beneath. There is a variety of this species also with the pale markings tinged 

 with ochre-yellow. Expands 2), inches. The under side of the hind-wings is brown, varied with 

 rey. Frequents the mountainous regions of South Russia and Western Asia, and is not very 

 common in collections. (/7. Autonoe, Esp., from the steppes of Russia, is generally smaller than 

 this, and has a duller coloured band, which is much narrower, especially on the hind-wings, where 

 it is scarcely more than a broad angulated line. The pupils of the eyes of the fore-wings are 

 distinctly marked, and there is often a third eye at the anal angle of the hind-wings, which are 

 varied with white lines beneath.) 



* 6. H. Scmek (Linn.), {Grayling). — Brown, fore-wings with two well-marked eyes, placed on a 

 tawny band. Hind-wings with a darker sub-marginal band, and an e)-e at the anal angle. In 

 the male, .which is considerably smaller than the female, the pale markings of the fore-wings are 

 much obscured, and there is an oblique dark patch in the middle of each fore-wing. Under side 

 of fore-wings tawny, the base darker in the female ; hind margin brown. Hind-wings beneath 

 brown, mottled with grey, the basal portion darker in the male, and bordered by a distinct 

 irregular white band, suffused on the outside. Varies somewhat according to locality ; the variety 

 AristcEus (Bon.), from Corsica and Sardinia, has the pale markings more suffused, and the variety 

 llersina (Staud.), from Asia Minor, has the hind-wings beneath unicolorous grey. Madeiran 

 specimens before me are much darker than European, though the only Algerian specimen I 

 possess is paler. The commonest and most widely-distributed species of the genus. It is found 

 throughout Europe and Western Asia on dry heaths and hill-sides, and is fond of settling on 

 stones and tree-trunks, where the colouring of the under surface secures it from observation. It 

 is considered a local insect in Britain ; but this is most likely only because the country is so 

 highly cultivated. Expands from if to 2| inches. Larva brownish, with a darker line on the 

 back, and two grey lines on each side, of which the uppermost is the palest. 



7. H. Pelopea (Klug.), van Graca (Staud.), is brown, with a red sub-marginal band in the 

 male, and a white one in the female, containing two black eyes on the fore-wings, with white spots 

 between them, at least on the under side ; there are also one or two white spots at the anal 

 angle of the hind-wings. Under side brown, much mixed with whitish. Expands about 2 inches. 

 Found in the mountains of Greece, where it represents in Europe the variable H. Pclopca of 

 Western Asia. 



8. H. TcIepJiassa (Hiibn.), van AmaltJiea (Friv.). — Brown, with a large black basal streak on 

 the fore-wings of the male. A broad sub-marginal white band, edged with yellow, on both wings, 

 containing two eyes on the fore-wings, and an anal eye on the hind-wings. (In some females the 

 white band is much obscured on the hind-wings, and edged with smoky brown instead of yellow.) 

 Expands about 2 inches. Common in the mountains of Greece and Southern Turkey. (In the 

 typical Telcpliassa from Syria, which is larger, the bands are fulvous in both sexes ; in the variety 

 Antlielea, Hiibn., from Asia Minor, the band is white in the male, and fulvous in the female. 

 Neither of these forms is found in Europe.) 



9. H. Hippolyte (Esp.). — Light brown, with a continuous yellow band near the hind margin, 

 containing two black eyes with very small white pupils on the fore-wings ; and there is also a 

 small eye at the anal angle of the hind-wings. Hind-wings grey, with the veins whiter, and 

 some obscure white transverse lines. Expands nearly 2 inches. It inhabits the mountains of 



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