3© European Butterflies axd Moths. 



Andalusia and South Russia. (//. Bcroe, Freyer, found in Turkey and Greece, is pale brown, 

 with a very obscure band, two eyes on the fore -wings, indistinctly pupilled, and a small anal 

 eye on the hind-wings, which are varied beneath with grey, and marked with a narrow 

 transverse white band, although they arc not white along the nervures. It expands about 

 2 inches.) 



lo. //. Ncoiniris (Godt.), lolaiis (Bon.). — Dark brown, with an eye at the tip of the fore-wings, 

 and another at the anal angle of the hind-wings. There is a broad, bright fulvous band on the 

 hind-wings, and on the hinder half of the fore-wings, which is not divided by the nervures, except 

 slightly on the fore-wings above, and is broader and redder on the under side of the fore-wings. 

 The hind-wings are dark brown beneath, with a very distinct whitish transverse band. Expands 

 \\ inches. This species is confined to the mountains of Corsica and Sardinia. 



11.//. Arctlmsa (W. V.). — Brown, with an eye, blind above, at the tip of the fore-wings, and 

 a very small one at the anal angle of the hind-wings. A broad, tawny, sub-marginal band on all 

 the wings, though frequently less distinct on the hind-wings. It is divided into spots by the 

 nervures, and surrounds the eyes more or less completely. Under side of fore-wings fulvous, with 

 brown borders ; hind-wings beneath brown, with a narrow, curved, transverse grey band across 

 the centre. Expands from \\ to 2 inches. Common in South Europe, but also found in many 

 parts of France and South- Western Germany. It frequents rocky places in woods, and often 

 settles upon stones. 



12. H. Statiliinis (Hiibn.). — Dark brown, the fringes spotted with dirty white ; two black 

 eyes with two white dots between them on the fore-wings, and one eye on the hind-wings. 

 Eyes of the fore-wings surrounded with yellow rings on the under side, where a black line bordered 

 outside with whitish runs within them. Hind-wings beneath varied with violet-grey; a crooked 

 black line across the centre, bordered outside by a suffused pale band. Expands from li to 

 2 inches. Common in many parts of Southern and Central Europe, frequenting sandy places 

 near fir woods in the plains, and rocky places in the mountains. (The South European variety, 

 Allionia, Fabr., is larger and rather darker. H. Fatiia, Freyer, from Greece, which is probably 

 another variety, has a dark line near the hind margin of all the wings above, and the hind-wings 

 are more uniformly coloured, and darker beneath.) 



13. H. Fidia (Linn.). — Very similar to the last, but the white spots on the fore-wings are larger, 

 and the fringes are pure white, spotted with brown on the fore-wings. Under side of hind-wings 

 pale grey, varied with brown towards the hind margins, and within the black angulated line which 

 crosses the centre. A short black line runs from the costa near the base. Expands from if to 

 2 inches. Common in South Europe. The larva is yellow, with black stripes on the back and 

 sides. 



14. H. Dryas (Scop.), Phccdra (Linn.). — Dark brown, with two black eyes on the fore-wings 

 with large blue pupils, and surrounded with yellow rings, which are most distinct on the under 

 side. Expands from i\ to 3^ inches. Common in many parts of Southern and Central Europe 

 (except the north-west), and throughout Asia to Japan. It is a local insect, and is generally 

 found on damp moors and heaths, although it also occurs in dry, hilly districts. Larva yellowish- 

 grey, with several dark longitudinal lines. It feeds on Avena eiatior. 



15. H. Actcta (Fabr.). — A very variable species. The male much resembles H. Dryas, but 

 the eyes are smaller, and there are two white spots between them. The second eye on the fore- 

 wings is sometimes absent in the male. The female is yellowish-brown, sometimes with a dull 

 tawny, sub-marginal band ; and the eyes are surrounded with yellow rings above. There are 

 generally two or three small eyes at the anal angle of the hind-wings beneath, and the 



