CExEis. 3 1 



fore-win<,^s are fulvous beneath in the female. H. Cordula (Fabr.), Podarce (Ochs.), Pceas and 

 Bryce (Hiibn.), and Virbius (Herr. Schaff.), are varieties of this species, which is common in 

 Southern Europe and Western Asia, including the southern slopes of the Alps, where it frequents 

 dry, rocky places. It expands from if to 2-i inches. The male of H. Cordula is figured at 

 PI. 12, Fig. 4. 



GENUS II.— CEXEIS (HUEX.), CIIIONOBAS (BOISD.). 



Middle-sized butterflies, with the nervures of the fore-wings very little dilated at the base. 

 The ground colour is brown, tinged with tawny, with a tawny sub-marginal band containing a 

 variable number of eyes. The hind-wings are rounded and almost entire; they are sprinkled 

 with white and brown beneath, and the nervures are often whitish. The antennae are very short, 

 and the club is gradually formed. With the exception of ffi. Tarpeia, which inhabits the steppes 

 of South Russia, this genus is circumpolar, or occurs only at a great elevation in the Alps, 

 Himalayas, Mount Washington, and California, the Californian species being the largest of the 

 genus. The perfect insects may all be looked for in June and July. The only known larva is 

 that of ffi. Semidea (Say), which feeds on lichens near the summit of Mount Washington in 

 North America. We enumerate below only those species which are indubitably European ; 

 several others, formerly said to have been taken in Lapland, are now asserted to be only found 

 in Labrador. 



1. (E. Jutta (Hiibn.). — Brown, male with a broad black oblique streak on the fore-wings. A 

 sub-marginal tawny band, divided into spots by the nervures, generally containing three blind eyes 

 on the fore-wings, and one or two near the anal angle of the hind-wings. The band is frequently 

 so narrow and so much divided, especially on the fore-wings, that it might often be called a series 

 of spots. Under side of hind-wings brown, varied with grey, an angulated darker band across the 

 middle, which is scarcely visible in the female. A circumpolar insect, frequenting peat marshes in 

 the extreme north of Europe, Asia, and America, in company with Erebia Embla. It expands 

 nearly 2 inches. 



2. CE. Aello (Hiibn.).— Brown, slightly dusted with tawny, a pale tawny marginal band, 

 suffused on the inner side, containing from two to four black spots on the fore-wings, which are 

 sometimes ocellated, and an anal eye, and sometimes a second spot on the hind-wings, which 

 are marked beneath with very distinct white nervures. Expands from i J to 2 inches. Found at a 

 great elevation in the Alps, frequenting rocky places and meadows above the forest region. Not 

 very common, and, according to some writers, only to be found in alternate years. 



3. ffi. Tarpeia (Pall.).— Tawny, with about four sub-marginal spots on each wing. Expands 

 from li to if inches. Inhabits the steppes of Southern Russia and Siberia. 



4. CE. Noma (Thunb.).— Brown, tinged with tawny. Marginal band fulvous, with two eyes 

 on the fore-wings, and one on the hind-wings. The eyes of the fore-wings are sometimes blind, 

 and are sometimes absent, or only one is present. It may be distinguished from CE. Jiiita, 

 with which it agrees in having a darker band across the hind-wings beneath, by the suffused 

 sub-marginal band, which is reddish rather than yellowi-sh, and is not divided into spots on the 

 hind-wings. It expands from i^ to if inches, and inhabits Lapland and Siberia. 



5. CE. Bore (Schneid.).— Fore-wings pale greyish tawny, sometimes with a row of black dots 

 near the hind margin. Hind-wings brown, tinged with tawny, sometimes with a sub-marginal 

 tawny band. Under side of hind-wings greyish-brown, with some obscure whitish lines (banded 

 with pale lines in van Taygete, Hiibn.). Expands from li to if inches. Circumpolar; in Europe 

 it occurs in Lapland. 



