36 European Butterflies and Moths. 



brown, witliin the band ; hind-wings beneath brown, dusted with wiiitisli, and witli a paler band 

 near tlie hind margin, enclosing small eyes. Expands from i ^l to \\ inches. Found in July in 

 rocky places covered with weeds in the Southern Alps, and the mountains of South France and 

 Spain. It is considered one of the rarer species. 



24. E. Mclas (Herbst.). — Male very variable, ground colour dark brown or blackish, often 

 with a bluish shade, and generally with at least three eyes on all the wings. The two nearest 

 the tip are confluent, and are sometimes united into one bipupilled eye. Fore-wings beneath 

 sometimes with traces of a fulvous band. Under side of hind-wings unicolorous brownish-black, 

 sometimes with an inconspicuous paler band towards the hind margin, enclosing eyes. The female 

 is paler, with about four eyes on all the wings, which are placed on a rust-coloured band, visible 

 on both sides of the fore -wings. Hind-wings beneath ashy-grey, with blackish wavy lines, and 

 blackish atoms. A broad paler dentated band, on which eyes are placed, before the hind margin. 

 Expands about li inches. Found in the mountains of South-Eastern Europe, Spain, and the 

 Pyrenees, in June and July. 



25. E. Ligca (Linn.), {Arran Brozvii). — Dark brown, with rust-coloured bands containing 

 eyes or spots on all the wings ; the fringes spotted with white. Under side of fore-wings with the 

 band well defined (at least in the males) and paler; hind-wings dentated, under side brown, with a 

 broad pale band near the hind margin, which is strongly indented on the basal side, and spotted 

 with white ; towards the hind margin it encloses eyes surrounded with yellow rings. Expands 

 about ij inches. The variety ^w/^jw/c (Esp.) is smaller (expands only i\ inches), and the band 

 on the hind-wings beneath is more yellowish. We find only faint traces of it in variety Adyte 

 (Hiibn.); and in the variety Pliiloinela (Hiibn.), the whole under side is dusted with whitish. One 

 of the commonest species at a moderate elevation in the mountainous or hilly parts of almost 

 all Europe and Northern Asia. It is a species very likely to be found in Scotland, and was said, 

 some years ago, to have been taken in the Isle of Arran. The perfect insect is found in June and 

 July; and the larva, which is pale yellowish-green, with a broad stripe on the back, bordered with 

 paler, and has whitish lines on the sides, feeds on grass in spring and autumn. The under side of 

 the butterfly is figured at PI. 12, Fig. 8. 



26. E. Eiiibla (Thunb.). — Dark brown, fore-wings with a large bipupilled eye near the tip, 

 and smaller ones beneath it with single pupils. Hind-wings with a variable number of small eyes. 

 All the eyes enclosed in fulvous rings. Wings beneath dark brown; fore-wings marked as above; 

 hind-wings generally with a white spot on the costa, and another near the middle of the wing, and 

 two black dots towards the anal angle. Expands from ij to 2 inches. Found in marshes from 

 June to August throughout the extreme north of Europe and Asia. 



27. E. Disn (Thunb.). — Very like E. Enibla, but the eyes are generally blind. Hind-wings 

 unspotted above ; on the under side they are ashy-grey, with a broad dentated brown band in the 

 middle. It is found in Lapland in July. 



GENUS IV. — MELANARGIA (MEIG). 



Middle-sized butterflies, with the wings rounded and slightly scalloped. The ground colour 

 is white, more or less marbled with black ; the under side of the hind-wings is duller, with a row 

 of about six eyes with bluish pupils, interrupted between the second and third, and sometimes 

 slightly visible above. The two eyes nearest the anal angle arc generally small and contiguous, and 

 there are also one or two eyes at the tip of the fore-wings beneath. The antennre are long, with 

 a slender and gradually formed club, and the front pair of legs are unusually small. The larvae 



