o 



S European Butterflies and JIIot//s. 



with whitish on both sides; and a ydlow sub-dorsal hne, bordered with dark green. A common 

 variety is green, with a dark line on the back. It feeds on Brachypodium piniatiiin in spring. 



6. M. Pherusa (Boisd.) resembles AI. Sylliiis, but the black spot at the end of the discoidal 

 cell is round, enclosing a white spot, and from its extremity runs a black streak as far as the 

 second nervure below. Nearer the base a short black streak runs across the cell. The base of 

 all the wings is dusky above, and there are two eyes on each side at the tip of the fore-wings. 

 The nervures of the hind-wings are narrowly edged with pale reddish-brown beneath. Expands 

 about 2 inches. It is found in Sicily in June. The larva is yellowish-white, with darker lines on 

 the back, and feeds on Spiretiim in March. 



7. AI. Arge (Sulz.). — White, marbled with black towards the hind margins ; fore-wings with 

 two eyes, and hind-wings with five, which are reddish beneath. Expands 2 inches. It is found in 

 Calabria in June. (R'l. Thetis, Hiibn., found in Spain from April to June, is similar to this, but 

 much darker above, especially on the margins, where the eyes of the upper side are almost lost in 

 the dark border.) 



GENUS V. — SATVRUS (L.\TR.). 



Middle-sized butterflies, with hairy eyes. The antenna; are straight, with a distinct club, 

 except in the last species, in which they are gradually thickened. The middle pair of tibiae are 

 scarcely longer than half the length of the tarsi, and the hind-Vv'ings are more or less denticulated. 

 The larva? are spindle-shaped, with a small round head. They are green, and covered with thin 

 short hair, and may be obtained by sweeping. The pupae are suspended, except, perhaps, that of 

 ^geria. The butterflies are brown, varied with tawny, and have always an eye at the tip of the 

 fore -wings, and a sub-marginal row of eyes on both surfaces of the hind-wings. 



1. .S. Roxelaua (Cram.). — Brown, fore-wings with a large fulvous blotch in the centre, and the 

 apical eye blind ; hind-wings with from three to five marginal eyes in yellowish rings. On the 

 under side the apical eye on the fore-wings is ocellated, and there is a row of five large eyes and 

 two or three small ones on the hind-wings. Expands from 2 to 2\ inches. 



2. ^. Clyiiieue (Esp.) is smaller ; the eyes are blind above, and the under side of the hind- 

 wings has a continuous row of seven small black dots in fulvous rings. Both this species and 

 5. Roxclana are found only in South-Eastern Europe in June and July. The larva of Clymcne is 

 green, with indistinct lines, and a large round head, surmounted by two points. 



3. S. J\I(era (Linn.). — Wings brown in the male, with a fulvous marginal band, divided into 

 spots by the nervures on the fore-wings, at the tip of which is a large black eye, containing one or 

 two white pupils, and a small eye near it. Hind-wings with two or three eyes. The female has 

 the fore-wings fulvous, with brown transverse streaks. Under side of hind-wings grey, with a 

 marginal row of six black eyes with white pupils, enclosed by several black and yellow rings ; the 

 eye at the anal angle is double, and very small. In the variety Adrasta (Hiibn.) the marginal 

 fulvous band is more distinct than in the typical Mccra. Expands about if inches. Widely 

 distributed in Europe, except the north-west, in spring and autumn, being double-brooded. It is 

 chiefly met with in hilly districts, and is fond of settling on rocks. Larva pale green, with a dark 

 line on the back, and pale lines on the sides. It feeds on grass in July, and again from September 

 to May. The butterfly is figured at Pi. 13, Fig. i. 



4. S. Htera (Hiibn.). — Smaller and darker than 5. J\P<cra; the eye at the tip of the fore-wings 

 is smaller, with a single pupil, and there is a distinct black transverse line on the dark portion of 

 the hind-wings, between the base and the eyes. Under side of hind-wings dark grey, with the 

 eyes rather small and indistinct. Expands about i^ inches. It is found at a moderate elevation 



