40 European Butterflies axd Moths. 



Nortlicrn and Western Asia. Larva grey, with a blackish Hne on the back, and pale lines on 

 the sides. The butterfly is figured at PI. 13, Fig. 3. 



2. E. Lycaon (Rott.). — Brown ; male with an eye at the tip of the fore-wings, which are tawny 

 in the female, except at the edges, and have two eyes on the outer portion, within which is a 

 brown line. Hind-wings beneath brown, with no traces of eyes. Common in many parts of 

 Southern and Eastern Europe, though entirely absent in the north-west; also met with throughout 

 Northern and Western Asia. It frequents sandy openings in woods, and the slopes of limestone 

 hills. Expands about li inches. Larva green, with two fine white lines on the back, and a 

 yellow streak on the sides, bordered above with reddish. {E. Naricu, Hiibn., from the Kirghis 

 Steppes, has fuK'ous fore-wings, with one eye in the male and two in the female, and the under 

 side of the hind-wings is varied with white.) 



* 3. E. Jaiiira (Linn.), {Meadow Brown). — Brown ; fore-wings with the centre, or at least a 

 sub-marginal band, fulvous in the female. An eye at the tip in both sexes, sometimes bipupilled in 

 the female. Hind-wings beneath greyish-brown, with a paler band towards the hind margins, which 

 is marked with two black dots in the male. The South European variety, HispuHa (Esp.), is larger, 

 and much more suffused with fulvous on both the fore and hind wings. It expands from li to 2 

 inches. Abundant everywhere in grassy places throughout Europe, North Africa, and W'estern 

 Asia. The larva is yellowish-green, with a darker line on the back, and a yellowish-white stripe 

 on the sides. The female and the larva are figured at PI. 13, Fig. 4, a, b. (The Algerian E. 

 Janiroidcs, Herr. Schaff., which is said to occur also in Spain, has a row of small brown dots in 

 yellow rings on the hind-wings beneath ; in the Corsican E. Nnrag, Ghil., the male is brown, with 

 a fulvous blotch on each wing, and the apical eye surrounded with fulvous; and the female is fulvous. 

 The under side of the hind-wings is uniformly brown, without paler markings or black dots.) 



* 4.. E. Tit/w?i ns [Uinn.), {Large Heath). — Centre of the wings fulvous; the margins of the fore- 

 wings and the margins and basal portion of the hind-wings brown. Fore-wings with a bipupilled 

 eye at the tip, and, in the male, a large brown blotch running from their inner margin nearly across 

 the fulvous part. Under side of hind-wings light brown, with several white dots surrounded with 

 brown, and an irregular buff or yellowish band towards the hind margin. E.xpands about i\ inches. 

 The little group to which this and the two following species belong is principally located in South- 

 western Europe. This species is the commonest and most widely distributed over Europe and 

 Western Asia, but is absent from Scandinavia, as well as the greater part of Eastern Europe. It is 

 common in bushy places wherever it occurs. The larva is green or brownish, with a dark reddish 

 line on the back, two white lines beneath it, and a yellow stripe on the sides. The male butterfly 

 is figured at Plate 13, Fig. 5. 



5. E. Ida (Esp.). — Very similar to the last, but the average size is rather smaller, and the black 

 blotch on the fore-wings of the male is smaller, more square, and better defined. The under side of 

 the hind-wings is pale grey, without e)-es, but with a whitish central band bifurcated towards the 

 costa. The larva is whitish-grey, with a black line on the back, and whitish lines on the sides. It 

 inhabits the shores of the Mediterranean, and is found as far north as the southern slopes of the 

 Tyrolese and Austrian Alps. 



6. E. Pasiphae (Esp.). — Brown ; fore -wings with the centre fulvous in the female, and with a 

 fulvous marginal band in the male ; a black bipupilled eye near the tip. Hind-wings with a marginal 

 fulvous band, containing three or four black eyes. Under side of hind-wings brown, with a central 

 yellowish-white streak, and five marginal eyes. Expands from \\ to if inches. It inhabits South- 

 western Europe and Algeria, frequenting stony places covered \\\\\\ bushes. The larva is rather 

 short; clay-colour, with many fine reddish-brown lines, and a broader dark brown line on the back. 



